Intensity and Load Characteristics of Professional Road Cycling: Differences Between Men’s and Women’s Races

Sanders, Dajo; Erp, Teun van; Koning, Jos J. de

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0190

Cited by 49 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For both genders, larger differences can be observed when comparing virtual races with mean values of full road races (Sanders et al, 2019). While the real-world road races are on average 466% longer for men and 239% longer for women than the virtual equivalent, the relative power output is 38% and 32% lower (comparing data points 1 and 4, respectively, 8 and 11 in Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The show must go on - virtualisation of sport events during the COVID-19 pandemic

Westmattelmann

Grotenhermen

Sprenger

et al. 2020

European Journal of Information Systems

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The show must go on - virtualisation of sport events during the COVID-19 pandemic

Westmattelmann

Grotenhermen

Sprenger

et al. 2020

European Journal of Information Systems

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“…Training volume data of female professional cyclists are still lacking in the literature. However, according to data reported by Sanders et al (2019) (∼18,000 km cycled per year at a mean speed of 28 km h −1 ), weekly volume can be estimated at around 12-16 h for female road professionals. Both men and women cyclists usually compensate on any restrictions to train outdoors due inclement weather (e.g., due to snow, storm, hail) by using Cycling Indoor Training Equipment (CITE) like stationary ergometers, turbo trainers, and rollers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

How Does a Sport Psychological Intervention Help Professional Cyclists to Cope With Their Mental Health During the COVID-19 Lockdown?

Bertollo

Forzini²,

Biondi³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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All around the world in March, due to COVID-19, competitive sport calendars were suddenly canceled, jeopardizing the training programs of athletes. Moreover, in Italy, the government banned all non-essential travel across the entire country from the beginning of March. Consequently, Italian cyclists were banned from leaving their homes and therefore unable to perform their ordinary training activities. The Italian Association of Professional Cyclists (ACCPI) early on during that period noticed that several cyclists were experiencing a worrying decrease in their mental well-being and asked the authors to set up an online Sport Psychology Intervention (SPI) during lockdown to enhance the athletes' mental health. Through a number of unprecedented events and considerations, the aim of the current investigation was to assess the Italian cyclists' mental health during the lockdown and its changes after the SPI. We validated the Italian version of the Sport Mental Health Continuum Short Form (Sport MHC-SF)—presented in Study 1—and then applied it to a sample of Italian professional cyclists—presented in Study 2—prior to and after the SPI. To achieve these objectives, the reliability and construct validity of the Italian version of the Sport MHC-SF were tested in Study 1. RM-MANOVA tests were run to evaluate the effect of SPI on cyclists in Study 2. A total of 185 Italian athletes were involved in the validation of the MHC in Study 1 and 38 professional cyclists in Study 2. Results from Study 1 suggested a three-factor higher order model of Sport MHC-SF [Model fit: χ2(df) = 471.252 (252), p < 0.000; CFI = 0.951; RMSEA = 0.049; RMR= 0.048]. MCFA showed that the default model kept invariance among groups of athletes (i.e., female, male, individual, and team sports). Results from Study 2 highlighted that professional cyclists who followed the SPI were able to cope better with psychological stressors, showing improved well-being compared to the athletes that did not. No significant differences were found for emotional and social well-being. The present multi-study paper contributes to the theoretical field with a validated measure of Sport MHC-SF translated in the Italian language and culture. It also provides practical implications related to cases of reduced mental health due to injury, illness, or similar situations of home confinement in the future.

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“…2 However, for tactical reasons, the ability to perform repeated periods of high-intensity efforts are of additional importance. 3 Long-duration sessions with repeated highintensity efforts are, therefore, important components of cyclists' competitions and training sessions. However, it is currently unknown whether inclusion of sprints during long-duration sessions affect the quality of sprinting or the cost of the session.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of 30-Second Sprints During Prolonged Exercise on Gross Efficiency, Electromyography, and Pedaling Technique in Elite Cyclists

Almquist¹,

Ettema²,

Hopker³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Background: Cycling competitions are often of long duration and include repeated high-intensity efforts. Purpose: To investigate the effect of repeated maximal sprints during 4 hours of low-intensity cycling on gross efficiency (GE), electromyography patterns, and pedaling technique compared with work-matched low-intensity cycling in elite cyclists. Methods: Twelve elite, male cyclists performed 4 hours of cycling at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake either with 3 sets of 3 × 30-second maximal sprints (E&S) during the first 3 hours or a work-matched cycling without sprints (E) in a randomized order. Oxygen uptake, electromyography, and pedaling technique were recorded throughout the exercises. Results: GE was reduced from start to the end of exercise in both conditions (E&S: 19.0 [0.2] vs 18.1 [0.2], E: 19.1% [0.2%] vs 18.1% [0.2%], both P = .001), with no difference in change between conditions (condition × time interaction, P = .8). Integrated electromyography increased from start to end of exercise in m. vastus lateralis and m. vastus medialis (m. vastus medialis: 9.9 [2.4], m. vastus lateralis: 8.5 [4.0] mV, main effect of time: P < .001 and P = .03, respectively) and E&S increased less than E in m. vastus medialis (mean difference −3.3 [1.5] mV, main effect of condition: P = .03, interaction, P = .06). The mechanical effectiveness only decreased in E&S (E&S: −2.2 [0.7], effect size = 0.24 vs E: −1.3 [0.8] percentage points: P = .04 and P = .8, respectively). The mean power output during each set of 3 × 30-second sprints in E&S did not differ (P = .6). Conclusions: GE decreases as a function of time during 4 hours of low-intensity cycling. However, the inclusion of maximal repeated sprinting does not affect the GE changes, and the ability to sprint is maintained throughout the entire session.

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Intensity and Load Characteristics of Professional Road Cycling: Differences Between Men’s and Women’s Races

Abstract: Volume and absolute load are higher in men's races whilst intensity and time spent at high intensity zones is higher in women's races. Coaches and practitioners should consider these differences in demands in the preparation of professional road cyclists.

Cited by 49 publications

References 26 publications

The show must go on - virtualisation of sport events during the COVID-19 pandemic

The show must go on - virtualisation of sport events during the COVID-19 pandemic

How Does a Sport Psychological Intervention Help Professional Cyclists to Cope With Their Mental Health During the COVID-19 Lockdown?

The Effect of 30-Second Sprints During Prolonged Exercise on Gross Efficiency, Electromyography, and Pedaling Technique in Elite Cyclists

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