Intensification of Milpa in the State of Mexico: Net Incomes, Food Security and Land Equivalent Ratio

Abstract

The historical milpa has contributed to food security of small farmer families due to its biodiversity. The objective was to evaluate indicators of food access [basic food baskets (BFB), minimum wages (MW) and real food security index (RFSI)], Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), and maximum net income (NI) obtained from the polyculture of native maize-husk tomato-squash in two farm plots in the State of Mexico. The experiment was set up in San Pedro del Rosal (SPR) and San Juan Coajomulco (SJC), irrigated and rainfed, respectively, in the spring-summer cycle 2020. An experimental design in divided plots was used to evaluate two topological patterns: two rows of maize intercalated with one row of tomato and one of squash (MMTS) and one row of maize intercropped with one of husk tomato, one of maize and one of squash (MTMS). Five levels of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and manure were tested. LER was evaluated with the yields of the three species in MMTS, MTMS and in monocropping at the same levels of inputs. BFB, MW, and RFSI were estimated using the regression equation that resulted in the maximum NI. In the two localities, the intercalated crops had higher LER than the monocrops. Comparing the two topological intercropping patterns, the maximum NI was obtained with MTMS in SJC and SPR (MXN $ 113 686.30 and MXN $ 204 649.70 ha-1 y-1). With the NI of the MTMS pattern in SJC and SPR, seven and 14 people, respectively, can be provided with BFB for a year. The highest daily MW were obtained with MTMS. In terms of land equivalent ratio, the highest LER were obtained with the MMTS pattern in SJC (2.78) and SPR (1.64). In economic terms, the better topological pattern is MTMS, and in function of LER, MMTS was better.

Water productivity at two sowing dates of simple white grain maize hybrids

“…In Mexico, maize breeding has made great advances in recent years (Woodmansee, 2022). These advances correspond to the need to produce more food, decrease the volumes of imported maize (Hernández-López, 2022) and thus contribute to national food sovereignty (Padilla-Fidencio et al, 2022). On the other hand, work has been done to increase water use efficiency (Blankenagel et al, 2022), since this crop demands large volumes to generate high yields (Wang et al, 2023).…”