Intensification of Continuous Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oils Using Shockwave Power Reactor: Process Evaluation and Optimization through Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Abstract

This research aims to develop an optimal continuous process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) from waste cooking oil using a series of shockwave power reactors. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to design the experiment and to analyze five operating parameters: ratio of rotor diameter to stator diameter (Dr/Ds), ratio of cavity diameter to rotor diameter (Dc/Dr), ratio of cavity depth to gap between rotor and stator (dc/∆r), rotational speed of rotor (N), and Residence time (Tr). The optimum conditions were determined to be Dr/Ds = 0.73, Dc/Dr = 0.06, dc/∆r = 0.50, 25,510.55 rpm rotational speed of rotor, and 30.10 s residence times under this condition. Regarding the results, the most important parameter in shockwave power reactor (SPR) reactors was ratio of rotor diameter to stator diameter (Dr/Ds). The optimum predicted and actual FAME yield was 98.53% and 96.62%, respectively, which demonstrates that RSM is a reliable method for modeling the current procedure.

Continuous acid-catalyzed esterification using a 3D printed rotor–stator hydrodynamic cavitation reactor reduces free fatty acid content in mixed crude palm oil

“…In this study, D e and D i were the most important parameters for FFA-content reduction. Regarding orifice and Venturi cavitation devices, the condition of cavitation inside a cavitation device can be changed by varying the ratio of the throat length to the diameter/height, the divergence angle, and the ratio of the cavitation hole perimeter to the cross-sectional area [46] . Most studies used single or multi-hole orifice plates to create a cavitation bubble in the pipeline.…”

Advancing renewable fuel integration: A comprehensive response surface methodology approach for internal combustion engine performance and emissions optimization

“…The optimization process is a significant research field and imperative in industrialized sectors due to the product's effectiveness [ 26 ]. By utilising RSM, the research experiment and industrialized process would benefit from time-saving, low resource consumption, and less effort required.…”

Trends in Sonochemical and Hydrodynamic Reactor Strategies for Catalytic Production of Biodiesel: Effects of the Influencing Process Parameters and Kinetics

“…The use of WCO and non-edible oil is an environmentally friendly solution and also solves the problem of the food for energy dispute. The second approach is the use/development of novel technologies to reduce raw material, energy consumption as well as increase rate of reaction (Abbaszadeh-mayvan et al, 2018). Energy consumption of the reactor is a function of the rate of the reaction in the process intensification synthesis for biodiesel production as opposed to conventional methods.…”

“…Where some of the researchers worked on geometric and operational parameters, others worked on chemical process operating conditions in the hydrodynamic cavitation reaction as shown in Table 2. Abbaszadeh-mayvan et al, (2018), in the pioneer study of the intensification of continuous biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using shockwave power reactor, the process was evaluated and optimized through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The shockwave power reactor is a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor which works with a rotorstator mechanism, i.e., running on a rotor/stator type generator to generate energy (heat) for the reaction.…”