Intense sources of monochromatic X-rays for XRF analysis from cyclotron beams

Avaldi, L.; Bassi, S.; Milazzo, M.; Silari, M.

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(90)90210-l

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…The advantages for such an x-ray source are mainly related to the high inner shell ionization cross sections of heavy ions, and most important with the very low emission, compared to electrons, of bremsstrahlung radiation as the ions decelerate into matter resulting in an improved peak to background ratio. 1 The concept of the proton-induced monochromatic x-ray beams [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] has been utilized in the past in various spectroscopy and analytical studies related with the determination of impurities or minor elements in pure metal matrices, [8][9][10][11][12] as well as for inelastic x-ray scattering experiments in experimental conditions (exciting x-ray beam energy, atomic number of the target element) that favour the study of x-ray resonant Raman scattering (RRS) [13][14][15][16] and more recently for the production of soft keV micro-focused x-rays for single cell irradiation allowing for a more consistent dose delivery. 19 Here, through the development of an integrated x-ray spectroscopy end station, we describe the dynamic utilization of the advantages of proton-induced x-ray beams when used for soft x-ray spectroscopy applications and especially for XRF analytical purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton induced quasi-monochromatic x-ray beams for soft x-ray spectroscopy studies and selective x-ray fluorescence analysis

Sokaras¹,

Zarkadas²,

Fliegauf³

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We present the analytical features and performance of an x-ray spectroscopy end station of moderate energy resolution operating with proton-induced quasi-monochromatic x-ray beams. The apparatus was designed, installed and operated at the 5.5 MV Tandem VdG Accelerator Laboratory of the Institute of Nuclear Physics, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos," Athens. The setup includes a two-level ultrahigh vacuum chamber that hosts in the lower level up to six primary targets in a rotatable holder; there, the irradiation of pure element materials-used as primary targets-with few-MeV high current (~μA) proton beams produces intense quasi-monochromatic x-ray beams of selectable energy. In the chamber's upper level, a six-position rotatable sample holder hosts the targets considered for x-ray spectroscopy studies. The proton-induced x-ray beam, after proper collimation, is guided to the sample position whereas various filters can be also inserted along the beam's path to eliminate the backscattered protons or/and to absorb selectively components of the x-ray beam. The apparatus incorporates an ultrathin window Si(Li) spectrometer (FWHM 136 eV at 5.89 keV) coupled with low-noise electronics capable of efficiently detecting photons down to carbon Kα. Exemplary soft x-ray spectroscopy studies and results of selective x-ray fluorescence analysis are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton induced quasi-monochromatic x-ray beams for soft x-ray spectroscopy studies and selective x-ray fluorescence analysis

Sokaras¹,

Zarkadas²,

Fliegauf³

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Kα x‐ray emission induced by 1—100 MeV protons

1992

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In the course of a feasibility study of high-intensity sources of monochromatic x-rays to be used for XRF, extensive numerical calculations were conducted on the production of characteristic x-rays by proton bombardment of pure element targets. This paper presents the analytical model used for the computer simulations and compares the x-ray production by protons and alpha particles. The K x-ray production cross-section was calculated by the ECPSSR theoretical model and by Paul's analytical formula. The dependence of the x-ray yield on projectile energy, target atomic number, target thickness and irradiation geometry is discussed. The thick target Ka x-ray yields produced by 1-100 MeV proton bombardment were calculated for 66 elements from Na to Pb. From these results, a number of scaling laws and fitting procedures are given for proton-induced Ka x-rays.

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Differential scattering cross‐sections for 8 keV photons in kapton and crystalline targets

1993

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The model adopted for the calculation of the atomic scattering (Rayleigh or Compton) cross-sections in a material assumes that each atom scatters independently of the others (isolated or independent atomic model approximation). An investigation of the accuracy of this model was performed by measuring differential scattering (Rayleigh plus Compton) cross-sections for 8 keV photons in a medium of low atomic number (Kapton) and in two crystalline targets (silicon and copper). The results for Kapton are in good agreement with theory hut for the two crystalline targets there is a large discrepancy owing to difkaction phenomena. For this case, the influence of the crystal perfection of the target on the experimental scattered yield is discussed.

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Intense sources of monochromatic X-rays for XRF analysis from cyclotron beams

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Proton induced quasi-monochromatic x-ray beams for soft x-ray spectroscopy studies and selective x-ray fluorescence analysis

Proton induced quasi-monochromatic x-ray beams for soft x-ray spectroscopy studies and selective x-ray fluorescence analysis

Kα x‐ray emission induced by 1—100 MeV protons

Differential scattering cross‐sections for 8 keV photons in kapton and crystalline targets

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