Intelligent Water Drop Based Coverage-Connectivity and Lifespan Maximization Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Background: A significant issue of consideration in wireless sensor networks is to reduce the energy utilization while preserving the required coverage and connectivity of an area of interest. We have revised all patents relating to preserving of energy in sensor motes of the wireless sensor networks. Methods: We proposed a novel; Intelligent Water Drop based coverage-connectivity and lifespan protocol which minimizes energy consumption of the network. In this routing protocol, sensors are partitioned into the connected first layer and connected successive layer sets and a scheduling mechanism has been used to activate and deactivate sensors. Multi-hoping is used to transmit packets from sensors to the Base Station and sensor with maximum residual energy has been selected as the next hop. Power wastage has been avoided by removing duplicate information through a common relay node. Results: We have derived the expected number of sensors required to cover an area of interest and our protocol gives a long life to the network. A theorem has been provided to validate the results for different communication ranges of sensors. Conclusion: The protocol has been compared with other protocols and it proved better than other protocols in terms of the lifespan and the coverage ratio of the area. Results approve that our protocol reduces the problem of energy holes and maintains the connectivity of the network.

Quality of service enabled intelligent water drop algorithm based routing protocol for dynamic link failure detection in wireless sensor network

“…This metric reflects the proportion of receiving the data packets by receiver node in a successful manner. Figure 3 clearly indicates that packet delivery ratio is getting enhanced when node count gets increased, but the previous available protocols EADRA (11) and NCCM-DC (12) didn't deliver the packet in a better manner.…”

“…Evaluations are conducted to analyze the performance of protocols. Quality of Service of proposed protocol is analyzed against the baseline protocols namely NCCM-DC (12) and EADRA (11) . NS2 based simulation is conducted to evaluate the proposed protocol.…”

“…This metric shows the speed of energy that gets exhausted at the sending node while data gets transmitted. Figure 1 indicates the proportion of energy depletion at the node count by QoS-IWDARP and previous available protocols EADRA (11) and NCCM-DC (12) . It is noticed that QoS-IWDARP have used minimum level of energy and the previous available protocols have used maximum energy level.…”

“…Node survivability shows the survival of nodes during the increase in the network load. Figure 2 indicates that nodes getting better survivability in QoS-IWDARP than EADRA (11) and NCCM-DC (12) , it is because the energy is saved a lot in QoS-IWDARP.…”

“…Further, it checks the queue length before sending the data packet in a specific route. Intelligent water drop based coverage-connectivity and lifespan protocol (11) which minimizes energy consumption of the network based routing proposed to reduce the problem of energy holes and maintains the connectivity of networks and coverage ratio of the area. Novel localization (12) proposed the way nonlinear optimization method is used in addition to Received Signal Strength Indicator which is used to determine the interior distance between WSNs nodes.…”