Intelligent Fault Tolerant Energy Management System With Layered Architecture for a Photovoltaic Power Plant

Abstract

Increasing of renewable power plants has raised the need for intelligent energy management systems (EMSs). The aim of management system is to reduce energy absorbed from fossil sources. In this paper a layered behavioral based architecture named subsumption is employed for energy management in PV based power plant with storage devices and active load. In the proposed architecture components of the plant including SC, PV, battery, and the grid are organized in different layers. Each layer is implemented as a behavioral rule that can independently perceive and act in the environment. There is a hierarchy in the layers where lower layers have more priority and can inhibit higher layers. The layers use a simple protocol to communicate with management unit. Using this approach, a simple, fast, extensible, and fault tolerant EMS is achieved.

Autonomous energy management system with self-healing capabilities for green buildings (microgrids)

“…To implement the proposed mechanism on the system, some parameters have been defined as shown in Table 1. In order to have a suitable comparison, these parameters are obtained from [42]. Initially, it is assumed that SC and battery is fully charged and all the agents are in normal mode, and therefore, bit 24 for all of them is set to 1.…”

“…A simple model of DC micro-grid is depicted in Figure 1, which is similar to the system in [42,43]. This electrical system contains a Photovoltaic (PV), battery, SC and gird those are supplying a DC active load through a DC bus.…”

“…[42], communication between agents makes system robust. In order to better understand, assume in [42], agent A is in voltage mode, if a fault occurs in the central unit, the entire system will collapse, because all the set points are appointed by the central unit. However, in the proposed mechanism, when an agent collapses, system is reconfigured and rest of system controls and manages energy.…”

“…In this paper, a new energy management system is developed and applied to a system similar to that presented in [42,43] and results are compared especially when decision part is under fault. Results show that the proposed approach is more fault tolerant as compared to the method presented in [42,43], where the whole system would collapse if CEMS faced a failure or agent carries token fails, respectively.…”

“…In this paper, a new energy management system is developed and applied to a system similar to that presented in [42,43] and results are compared especially when decision part is under fault. Results show that the proposed approach is more fault tolerant as compared to the method presented in [42,43], where the whole system would collapse if CEMS faced a failure or agent carries token fails, respectively. In the proposed mechanism, when the agent is in normal operation, sets in a layer of Subsumption architecture and with sending 5 bits signal via the communication bus clarifies its cooperation in the system.…”