Intelligent Controllers and Optimization Algorithms for Building Energy Management Towards Achieving Sustainable Development: Challenges and Prospects

Abstract

Buildings account for a significant amount of energy consumption leading to the issues of global emissions and climate change. Thus, energy management in a building is increasingly explored due to its significant potential in reducing the overall electricity expenses for the consumers and mitigating carbon emissions. In line with that, the greater control and optimization of energy management integrated with renewable energy resources is required to improve building energy efficiency while satisfying indoor environment comfort. Even though actions are being taken to reduce the energy consumption in buildings with several optimization and controller techniques, yet some issues remain unsolved. Therefore, this work provides a comprehensive review of the conventional and intelligent control methods with emphasis on their classification, features, configuration, benefits, and drawbacks. This review critically investigates the different optimization objectives and constraints with respect to comfort management, energy consumption, and scheduling. Furthermore, the review outlines the different methodological approaches to optimization algorithms used in building energy management. The contributions of controller and optimization in building energy management with the relation of sustainable development goals (SDGs) are explained rigorously. Discussions on the key challenges of the existing methods are presented to identify the gaps for future research. The review delivers some effective future directions that would be beneficial to the researchers and industrialists to design an efficiently optimized controller for building energy management toward targeting SDGs.INDEX TERMS Building energy management, controller, optimization, scheduling, sustainable development goals I. INTRODUCTIONPresently, buildings take the lead in consuming a substantial amount of energy, indicating about 40% of global energy consumption, which is responsible to release one-third of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [1], [2]. Another report demonstrates that buildings hold 49% of the total energy worldwide in which 60% of the energy is consumed for heating and cooling purposes [3], [4]. The poor management and ineffective control approach of appliances used in the building may result in a significant loss of energy in a

Overall Optimization and Sustainable Development of Resources/Energy/Environment under Polygeneration Energy System

“…The liquid is used as the heat carrier, and the catalyst with fine particle size is uniformly dispersed in the liquid medium, which can effectively improve the heat transfer and reaction performance of the reactor. Therefore, the slurry bed methanol synthesis reactor was selected in this study [16][17].…”

Voltage Rise Regulation with a Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System

“…PPPT of a solar system is the method by which devices connected to the microgrid, such as the microgrid inverter system, solar charger controller, etc., track peak power at the point where solar cells deliver the highest electrical energy [30] PPPT systems analyse the solar cells' output power and determine when load should be connected to achieve maximum power in respect of environmental factors such as change in load impedance and weather condition. PPPT quickly and accurately tracks power and reduces oscillations, and the control strategy depends on the voltage, current and the duty cycle [31][32][33][34][35]. Each solar panel possesses an operating point that is constant at some point from where peak power is delivered.…”

Recent Techniques Used in Home Energy Management Systems: A Review

“…Review article (15) Article ( 86) The previous review articles and their main features are shown in Table 2. Compared with the reviews mentioned in Table 2: (i) The present work is focused on residential EMS, addressing a broad range of technical and computational issues specifically assessed from a residential point of view, facilitating understanding of the employed methods and modeling setups during the reading.…”