Intelligent Contracting: Software Agents, Corporate Bodies and Virtual Organizations

Andrade, Francisco; Nováis, Paulo; Machado, José; Neves, José

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73798-0_22

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…But agents operate without the direct intervention of human beings and "have some degree of control over their actions and inner states" (Weitzenboeck, 2002). Indeed, it can be assumed that agents behave upon their mental states, that is, their behaviour is a product of reasoning processes over incomplete or unknown information (Andrade et al, 2007). In this sense, agents do make options and their behaviour cannot be fully predicted.…”

Section: Software Agents and Trustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Software agents and virtual organisations: consent and trust

Andrade

Nováis

Machado

et al. 2010

IJSOM

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The use of software agents in electronic commerce scenarios must be connected to the existence of corporate bodies and virtual organisations. Indeed, software agents tend to play a determinant role in corporate bodies and Virtual Enterprises (VEs). However, it must be considered that software agents' behaviours are not entirely foreseeable, since they are able to behave with good or bad faith. Thus, it is of utmost relevance to consider the issue of trust in software agents, both at the individual and systemic level. At the systemic level, it will be interesting to consider smart contracts, which may well enhance trust in electronic contracting. , Portugal. He received his PhD in Computer Science from the same university in 2003. His current research directions span the fields of knowledge representation and reasoning, multi-agent systems, ambient intelligence, collaborative networks and AI and the law. He is supervising several MSc and PhD projects and has published Software agents and virtual organisations: consent and trust 353 more than 50 papers in international journals, conferences and workshops and has co-edited two books. He is the Vice President of the Portuguese Association for Artificial Intelligence (APPIA). He also has a webpage at span the domains of artificial intelligence, databases and medical and biomedical informatics, with particular interests in the fields of knowledge representation and reasoning, multi-agent systems, ambient intelligence, AI and the law, AI in medicine and medical records. He has published more than 60 papers in international journals, conferences and workshops and has co-edited two books. He has a webpage at in 1984. His current research directions span the fields of AI and the law, knowledge representation and reasoning and multi-agent systems. He has published more than 100 papers in international journals, conferences and workshops, as well as two books. He has a webpage at http://www.di.uminho.pt/˜jneves.

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Section: Software Agents and Trustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Software agents and virtual organisations: consent and trust

Andrade

Nováis

Machado

et al. 2010

IJSOM

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“…Among the software agents built on ML algorithms, particularly relevant for the legal discipline are trading and contract agents: electronic agents to whom human users delegate cognitive skills instrumental to activities of contract formation, negotiation and conclusion. Often, such software agents are capable of determining much of a contract's content without human supervision until the final agreement is reached (Andrade et al 2007;Chopra and White 2010;Dahiyat 2021). Precisely with self-learning capacity, intelligent agents of this kind employed in dynamic environments can infer standards of conduct that do not comply with the user's instructions.…”

Section: What Is An Artificial Intelligence System?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…suing or being sued). natural entities or idols might be added to the list in the future (Brunet 2019;2018). 1 Other legal persons, on the other hand, deliberately dispose of their own bundle of legal positions: e.g.…”

Section: The Content Of Ais' Legal Personhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal personhood for the integration of AI systems in the social context: a study hypothesis

Novelli

2022

AI & Soc

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In this paper, I shall set out the pros and cons of assigning legal personhood on artificial intelligence systems (AIs) under civil law. More specifically, I will provide arguments supporting a functionalist justification for conferring personhood on AIs, and I will try to identify what content this legal status might have from a regulatory perspective. Being a person in law implies the entitlement to one or more legal positions. I will mainly focus on liability as it is one of the main grounds for the attribution of legal personhood, like for collective legal entities. A better distribution of responsibilities resulting from unpredictably illegal and/or harmful behaviour may be one of the main reasons to justify the attribution of personhood also for AI systems. This means an efficient allocation of the risks and social costs associated with the use of AIs, ensuring the protection of victims, incentives for production, and technological innovation. However, the paper also considers other legal positions triggered by personhood in addition to responsibility: specific competencies and powers such as, for example, financial autonomy, the ability to hold property, make contracts, sue (and be sued).

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“…But agents operate without the direct intervention of human beings and "have some degree of control over their actions and inner states" (Weitzenboeck, 2002). Indeed, it can be can assumed that agents behave upon mental states, that is to say their behavior is a product of reasoning processes over incomplete or unknown information (Andrade et al, 2007). In this sense, agents do make options and their behavior can not be fully predicted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%