Intelligence neurocircuitry: cortical and subcortical structures

Abstract

The authors describe the brain regions involved in the process of intelligence using as a basis, the models of the theory of frontoparietal integration (P-FIT Model). They also correlate the model described with functional areas of Brodmann, integrating them into the tertiary brain areas and address the subcortical structures involved in cognitive processes, including the memory. The studies performed by functional magnetic resonance, also unmask various regions related with intelligence, neither previously described by Brodmann nor even in conventional models of learning. The anterior insular cortex presents itself as the most recent tertiary area to be considered. Subcortical structures, when injured, mimick injuries to the cerebral cortex, demonstrating their great participation in cognition. The topographies of aphasia and the functioning mechanisms of the bearers of learning disorders, including dyslexic, dysgraphia and dyscalculic should be reconsidered. A better understanding of this topographic anatomy may clarify the mechanisms used in those individuals with cerebral lesions.

Implementing Blockchains for Efficient Health Care: Systematic Review

“…Finally, the issue of currency, used in blockchain to incentivize users to mine blocks in the new network. An initial coin offering [45,57,80] could initiate this process by valuing the new token as funds are raised. However, extremes of price could deter miners, and so mining may need to be restricted to health care providers to avoid this.…”