Intelligence as a protective factor against offending: A meta-analytic review of prospective longitudinal studies

Ttofi, Maria M.; Farrington, David P.; Piquero, Alex R.; Lösel, Friedrich; DeLisi, Matthew; Murray, Joseph A.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.003

Cited by 61 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Recent research additionally indicates that the association between education and intelligence might be reciprocal, as a large meta‐analysis of quasi‐experimental studies estimating the causal effect of education on intelligence have shown that each additional year of education was related to an increase of 1–5 IQ points (Ritchie & Tucker‐Drob, ). Evidence from prospective longitudinal studies also shows that high intelligence protects against future violent behavior, violent crimes, and criminal offending in general (Barker et al, ; Schwartz et al, ; Ttofi et al, ). These empirical findings indicate that cognitive abilities may influence both physical fighting and future adult life outcomes and may, therefore, function as a confounder inducing a spurious relationship between adolescent boys’ fighting and adult life outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent boys’ physical fighting and adult life outcomes: Examining the interplay with intelligence

Frøyland

Soest

2019

Aggressive Behavior

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Although it is well known that adolescent delinquent behavior is related to poor outcomes in adulthood, longitudinal research on specific acts of delinquency and their interplay with important individual characteristics in predicting future outcomes is scarce. We aimed to examine how physical fighting-one of the most common acts of violent delinquency among adolescent boys-is related to adult life success in several domains, and how intelligence influences these associations. The study used data from 1,083 boys that participated in the population-based longitudinal Young in Norway Study, following adolescents from 1992 to 2015, by combining self-reports at four time points with comprehensive information from registers. Results showed that adolescent boys' physical fighting was associated with poor adult outcomes in the domains of employment, education, and criminal behavior. Associations remained significant even after controlling for conduct problems in general-which isolated the effects of fighting from other delinquent acts-as well as from a variety of other potential confounders. Detailed analyses on the interplay of physical fighting and intelligence showed that some parts of the associations between adolescent boys' fighting and several adverse adult outcomes could be ascribed to lower intelligence among the fighters. Moreover, intelligence moderated the relationship between physical fighting and adult education. Adolescent fighting was not related to educational attainment among boys with high intelligence, whereas boys with lower intelligence experienced detrimental effects of adolescent fighting. The analyses show the importance of considering adolescent boys' physical fighting as a potential risk factor for future social marginalization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent boys’ physical fighting and adult life outcomes: Examining the interplay with intelligence

Frøyland

Soest

2019

Aggressive Behavior

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“…Attempts to disentangle mechanisms behind the lower IQ among HOS participants in the present study would be mere speculation, although some researchers have pointed to associations between IQ, violence, trauma and schizophrenia. Meta-analytic findings by Ttofi, Farrington, Piquero, Lösel, DeLisi and Murray [35] indicated that high intelligence was a possible protective factor against criminal offending. Another study by Oakley, Harris, Fahy, Murphy and Picchioni [36] pointed out that exposure to violence in childhood could be a causal factor for later violent offences in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Global Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired neuropsychological profile in homicide offenders with schizophrenia

Engelstad

Vaskinn

Torgalsbøen

et al. 2018

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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“…Psychophysiological studies have specified the importance of direct relations between resting heart rate and ASB (for a review, see Portnoy & Farrington, 2015). Lastly, recent studies have also shown that neuropsychological functioning influences antisocial development, as high IQ was found to function as a protective factor against developing ASB (for a review, see Ttofi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosocial studies of antisocial behavior: A systematic review of interactions between peri/prenatal complications, psychophysiological parameters, and social risk factors

Hazebroek

Wermink

Domburgh

et al. 2019

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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Intelligence as a protective factor against offending: A meta-analytic review of prospective longitudinal studies

Cited by 61 publications

References 54 publications

Adolescent boys’ physical fighting and adult life outcomes: Examining the interplay with intelligence

Adolescent boys’ physical fighting and adult life outcomes: Examining the interplay with intelligence

Impaired neuropsychological profile in homicide offenders with schizophrenia

Biosocial studies of antisocial behavior: A systematic review of interactions between peri/prenatal complications, psychophysiological parameters, and social risk factors

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