Intelligence and inspection time: Achievements, prospects, and problems.

Deary, Ian J.; Stough, Con

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.6.599

Cited by 213 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Significant correlations exist between traditional psychometric measures of intelligence and visual inspection time, simple and choice reaction time, speed of scanning information in shortterm memory, speed of retrieval of information from long-term memory and auditory information processing [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]. The scores achieved on each of the four subtests of the TBAC correlate with performance on the mathematical section of the Scholastic Aptitude Test [40,41].…”

Section: Effects Of Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute hypoglycaemia on auditory information processing in adults with Type I diabetes

et al. 2003

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Aims/hypothesis. Acute hypoglycaemia in humans causes general impairment of cognitive function, but information about its effects on more specific cognitive processes is limited. Methods. Basic aspects of auditory function were studied in 15 adults with uncomplicated Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Two separate hyper insulinaemic glucose clamp procedures were done on different study days, in a counterbalanced fashion, either maintaining euglycaemia (blood glucose 5.0 mmol·l -1 ) or inducing hypoglycaemia (blood glucose 2.6 mmol·l -1 ). During each study, the subjects performed a battery of auditory and cognitive function tasks. Results. Hypoglycaemia caused deterioration in mental efficiency as assessed by Digit Symbol (p<0.001) and Trail Making B (p=0.004) tasks. Acute hypoglycaemia also caused deterioration in one of three measures of simple auditory processing (single-tone loudness, p=0.001) and in auditory temporal processing (p=0.007). The amplitude and latency of auditory N100, P200 and P300 event-related potentials were not affected, but the amplitude of the N240 potential was reduced during acute hypoglycaemia. Conclusion/interpretation. Our findings are consistent with other recognised disruptive effects of acute hypoglycaemia on sensory information processing in nondiabetic and diabetic adults, including adverse effects on auditory information processing in non-diabetic subjects. These derangements have implications for the everyday activities of people with Type I diabetes who are frequently exposed to acute hypoglycaemia. [Diabetologia (2003) 46:97-105] Keywords Hypoglycaemia, cognition, auditory information processing, auditory event-related potentials, Type I diabetes mellitus. . The pattern of impairment of these tests allows a general interpretation of the nature of cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycaemia, but provides little information about the impact of hypoglycaemia on specific brain processes such as basic sensory information processing.Two previous studies in our laboratory examined the ability of the brain to process visual information during acute hypoglycaemia. In one study [2] acute hypoglycaemia did not affect visual acuity or stereoscopic vision in non-diabetic subjects, but caused disPeople with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus are frequently exposed to episodes of acute hypoglycaemia. In experimental studies, a wide range of mental functions are impaired when arterialised blood

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Section: Effects Of Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute hypoglycaemia on auditory information processing in adults with Type I diabetes

et al. 2003

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“…The DT\MT paradigm is also constrained by subjects being able to adopt varying speed-accuracy trade-off strategies, as accuracy can be increased at the expense of response time. Unlike RT procedures the inspection time (IT) procedure is widely regarded as a measure of the speed of early stages of information processing that is not sensitive to motor speed, speed-accuracy tradeoffs or other cognitive strategies (Nettelbeck, 1987 ;Deary & Stough, 1996). Avoiding tasks in which strategies can improve performance is crucial in assessing cognition in depression, as depressed individuals are often impaired in the deployment of effective cognitive strategies (Channon & Green, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of an early information processing speed deficit in unipolar major depression

2002

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“…Inspection time (IT), unlike reaction time (RT), is thought to be a measure of the speed of these early stages of information processing which is independent of motor speed, speed-accuracy tradeoff or other cognitive strategies (Nettelbeck, 1987;Deary & Stough, 1996). It is defined as the minimum duration of stimulus presentation necessary for near perfect performance on a twochoice visual discrimination task.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cognition in mania and depression

Tavares¹,

Drevets²,

Sahakian³

2003

Psychol. Med.

100

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The inclusion of cognitive symptoms in the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive and manic episodes highlight the importance of cognition in both of these psychiatric disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). For example, criteria for diagnosis of these conditions include a diminished ability to concentrate and indecisiveness. In addition, numerous studies have demonstrated wide-ranging cognitive deficits in depression (for example Elliott et al. 1996; Purcell et al. 1997; Murphy et al. 2003) and mania (Goldberg et al. 1993; Murphy et al. 1999, 2001; Sweeney et al. 2000). These include deficits in early information processing (Tsourtos et al. 2002), recollection memory (MacQueen et al. 2002) and planning (Elliott et al. 1996) as well as affective biases (Murphy et al. 1999) and abnormal responses to negative feedback (Elliott et al. 1996, 1997; Murphy et al. 2003). Some residual deficits are also evident in a proportion of remitted subjects, even when controlling for mood (for example, Clark et al. 2002).

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Intelligence and inspection time: Achievements, prospects, and problems.

Cited by 213 publications

References 73 publications

Effects of acute hypoglycaemia on auditory information processing in adults with Type I diabetes

Effects of acute hypoglycaemia on auditory information processing in adults with Type I diabetes

Evidence of an early information processing speed deficit in unipolar major depression

Cognition in mania and depression

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