Cognition in mania and depression

Tavares, Joana V. Taylor; Drevets, Wayne C.; Sahakian, Barbara J.

doi:10.1017/s0033291703008432

Cited by 100 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…When stimulation was switched from the dorsal (therapeutic) to the ventral contact, a hypomanic state was again observed, as during the initial evaluation of the stimulation parameters, and was quantified by using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (23). The computerized neuropsychological assessments [CPT-II (24)] revealed attention impairment as reported in mania (25)(26)(27). Motor performance, quantified by using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III) (28), was little affected (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of subterritories of the subthalamic nucleus reveals its role in the integration of the emotional and motor aspects of behavior

Mallet

Schüpbach

N’Diaye

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

408

334

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Two parkinsonian patients who experienced transient hypomanic states when the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was stimulated during postoperative adjustment of the electrical parameters for antiparkinsonian therapy agreed to have the mood disorder reproduced, in conjunction with motor, cognitive, and behavioral evaluations and concomitant functional neuroimaging. During the experiment, STN stimulation again induced a hypomanic state concomitant with activation of cortical and thalamic regions known to process limbic and associative information. This observation suggests that the STN plays a role in the control of a complex behavior that includes emotional as well as cognitive and motor components. The localization of the four contacts of the quadripolar electrode was determined precisely with an interactive brain atlas. The results showed that (i) the hypomanic state was caused only by stimulation through one contact localized in the anteromedial STN; (ii) both this contact and the contact immediately dorsal to it improved the parkinsonian motor state; (iii) the most dorsal and ventral contacts, located at the boundaries of the STN, neither induced the behavioral disorder nor improved motor performance. Detailed analysis of these data led us to consider a model in which the three functional modalities, emotional, cognitive, and motor, are not processed in a segregated manner but can be subtly combined in the small volume of the STN. This nucleus would thus serve as a nexus that integrates the motor, cognitive, and emotional components of behavior and might consequently be an effective target for the treatment of behavioral disorders that combine emotional, cognitive, and motor impairment.basal ganglia ͉ emotion ͉ deep brain stimulation ͉ neuroimaging

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of subterritories of the subthalamic nucleus reveals its role in the integration of the emotional and motor aspects of behavior

Mallet

Schüpbach

N’Diaye

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

408

334

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, the difficulty to differentiate between patients with poor and good psychosocial functioning may arise because these neuropsychological tests assess ‘cold’ cognitive circuits rather than ‘hot’ or affective circuits that analyze subjects’ ability to process emotional information [30]. The assessment of social-emotional information processing and affect regulation is becoming essential in bipolar disorder [45, 46]. In this respect, with regard to performance in these tasks, differences between clinical states have been found and may be useful to compare bipolar with unipolar and schizophrenic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Cognitive Complaints in Euthymic Bipolar Patients Reflect Objective Cognitive Impairment?

Martínez‐Arán

Vieta

Colom

et al. 2005

Psychother Psychosom

131

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Background: In clinical practice, bipolar patients complain of cognitive deficits such as attentional or memory disturbances. The main aim of this study was to determine whether subjective cognitive complaints were associated with objective neuropsychological impairments. Method: Sixty euthymic bipolar patients were assessed through a neuropsychological battery. A structured clinical interview was used to determine subjective cognitive complaints in patients. Thirty healthy controls were also included in the study in order to compare the neuropsychological performance among groups. Results: Bipolar patients with a higher number of episodes, especially the number of mixed episodes, longer duration of the illness and the onset of the illness at an earlier age showed more subjective complaints. Furthermore, bipolar patients with subjective complaints showed lower scores in several cognitive measures related to attention, memory and executive function compared with the control group. Nevertheless, patients without complaints also performed less well than controls in some neuropsychological measures. Conclusion: Bipolar patients who were aware of cognitive deficits were more chronic, had presented more previous episodes, especially mixed type, and their illness had started at an earlier age compared with patients who did not complain about cognitive problems. Moreover, patients with good cognitive insight also had a poorer social and occupational functioning as well as a poorer neuropsychological performance. However, the bipolar group without complaints also obtained lower scores in several tests compared with healthy controls. Cognitive status of bipolar patients should be routinely assessed, regardless of the patients awareness about their cognitive deficits.

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“…They found mentalizing deficits to be either independent of cognitive deficits and severity of depression [27] or correlated with deterioration of general cognitive functions [28,29]. This is crucial since mentalizing is most likely included in a general cognitive deterioration, which is a typical psychopathological feature of depressive syndromes including various deficits in cognitive functions in early information processing, memory, psychomotor speed and executive planning [32,33]. Overall, it remains unclear whether there is a component of mentalizing deficits in episodic depression, which is independent of general cognitive impairments.…”

Section: The Application Of Mentalizing Experiments To Link the Psychmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mentalizing Functions Provide a Conceptual Link of Brain Function and Social Cognition in Major Mental Disorders

Schnell

2014

Psychopathology

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The review presents a research perspective that defines mentalizing functions as a very promising topic to bridge psychopathology and neurobiological foundations of mental disorders. However, the high diversity of existing observations in mentalizing research calls for a structured assessment of functional mentalizing subdomains. A notable problem is the overlap of functional systems involved in mentalizing and emotion processing. A proposed solution is to conceptualize mentalizing functions due to their content (visuospatial vs. emotional) perspective and substrates (cognitive or explicit signals). This conceptual organization is mirrored in functional imaging experiments dissociating anteromedial and posterolateral brain regions, especially the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex in mentalizing emotions and the temporoparietal cortex in visuospatial perspective taking. The present state and perspectives of mentalizing research are demonstrated in two major fields of mental disorders, depression and schizophrenia. In depression the existent contradictory findings demand a control of cognitive impairments, which are frequently associated with depressive disorders. In schizophrenia there is already consistent evidence that defines mentalizing functions as promising endophenotype, which can possibly link psychopathology to its neurobiological foundations.

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Cognition in mania and depression

Cited by 100 publications

References 72 publications

Stimulation of subterritories of the subthalamic nucleus reveals its role in the integration of the emotional and motor aspects of behavior

Stimulation of subterritories of the subthalamic nucleus reveals its role in the integration of the emotional and motor aspects of behavior

Do Cognitive Complaints in Euthymic Bipolar Patients Reflect Objective Cognitive Impairment?

Mentalizing Functions Provide a Conceptual Link of Brain Function and Social Cognition in Major Mental Disorders

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