Intellectual property protection and European ‘competitiveness'

Muzaka, Valbona

doi:10.1080/09692290.2012.724436

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Analysis of the politics behind the formation of TRIPs has demonstrated the power of particular states and corporations from the global North in setting global trade rules. Concerns in Europe and North America over competitiveness have been identified as crucial to the push for TRIPs, with pharmaceuticals being a priority sector in a Northern vision for a knowledge economy (Drahos with Braithwaite ; Harris ; Muzaka ; Robinson and Gibson ) that gives a central role to intellectual property creation and protection (Carlaw et al ). Whereas proponents, overwhelmingly from the global North, argued that TRIPs would stimulate economic growth through innovation and would encourage technology transfer, many developing countries took the view that it would curb technological learning via imitation.…”

Section: Institutional Monocroppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals and the Global South: A Healthy Challenge for Development Theory?

Horner

2016

Geography Compass

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Although the pharmaceutical industry does not usually feature prominently in overviews of research on development, the sector has considerable significance for both health and economic development. This article reviews research on the pharmaceutical industry in the global South, identifying some broader themes that echo with prominent debates in the wider realm of development studies. In research in the 1970s and early 1980s, the pharmaceutical industry seemed to represent a near‐classic illustration of the power and influence of large, Northern‐based multinational companies, producing dependent development. Later research focused on patent issues in relation to the debate over the TRIPs Agreement, with policy developments in the sector being used to highlight institutional monocropping within global governance. More recently again, research on access to medicines, patent policymaking and local pharmaceutical production has highlighted complementarities between industry and health. Increasingly bridging an oft‐present dichotomy, which is also manifest within geographical research, between economic and social aspects of development, recent research on pharmaceuticals challenges some conventional aspects of development theory.

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Section: Institutional Monocroppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals and the Global South: A Healthy Challenge for Development Theory?

Horner

2016

Geography Compass

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“…While not ignoring material interests, the literature on international intellectual property law largely focusses on how these competing discursive frames have been promoted by actors in order to secure policy outcomes (Drahos & Braithwaite 2002;Sell 2003Sell , 2010aSell & Prakash 2004;Muzaka, 2013aMuzaka, , 2013bQuack & Dobusch 2013;Morin 2014). This literature has divided these actors between commercial interests which favor private property framing, and civil society actors which favor public good framing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The U.S. also worked to ensure that intellectual property would be included in the Uruguay Round starting in 1986, and later the Agreement on Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) signed in 1995. TRIPS harmonized intellectual property by committing its signatories to “roughly similar and rather high [intellectual property] protection and enforcement standards” (Muzaka, 2013b, p. 820). However, prior to this, multilateral trade negotiations rarely addressed intellectual property rights, which were largely left to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Business conflict and international law: The political economy of copyright in the United States

Cartwright

2019

Regulation & Governance

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The internet industry has emerged as an important economic and political actor, both within the United States and internationally. Internet companies depend on exceptions from copyright law in order to operate. As a result, internet companies have considerable incentive to try and influence international copyright law. However, the current literature has neglected the role of the internet industry, instead focusing on the influence of copyright owning media companies. This has largely homogenized the concerns of business interests, neglecting the interests of business actors which do not favor stricter copyright protection. By examining business conflict over recent copyright initiatives by the United States, this article criticizes the literature. It illustrates that the internet industry has been able to alter the negotiating preferences of the United States against the wishes of copyright owners. This argues against the homogenization of business interests regarding copyright while illustrating the importance of material over discursive factors in determining political outcomes.

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“…Intellectual property rights may be described as a number of distinct property related rights with respect to intangible virtues, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, plant varieties, not patented innovations and so on 222 (Rezk et al 2015;Rezk et al 2016;Pauceanu 2016;Lace et al 2015;Laužikas et al 2015;Hofmann, Prause 2015;Lavrinenko et al 2016;Ignatavičius et al 2015). Intellectual property protection determines how knowledge is produced, owned and distributed (Muzaka, 2012) and is generally described as the control of the use of the protected knowledge in the market (Šitilis et al, 2016). In different countries, businesses and technology areas the role of intellectual property varies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foreign countries that try to implement intellectual property protection systems, especially those with strong imitative ability, may attract more international business from the USA and other developed countries, and therefore may have higher business value (Awokuse, Gu, 2015). Compared to the USA, many European countries are often characterised by more technocratic and less business value focussed with respect to intellectual property rights, while the United States emerges as a key and aggressive promoter of stronger and higher global intellectual property protection standards and business value, whether multilaterally, bilaterally or unilaterally (Muzaka, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Business value of Intellectual Property in Biotech SMEs: case studies of Lithuanian and Arizona’s (US) firms

Kiškis

Limba

Gulevičiūtė

2016

JESI

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The paper presents the limited quantitative and qualitative analysis of the biotechnology industries in Lithuania and Arizona (US) focusing on the role of intellectual property for the business income of the small and medium firms (SMEs). The paper also discussed theoretical aspects of the role of intellectual property in the biotech SMEs, presents empirical data on the SME intellectual property holding, employment and income data in Lithuania and Arizona based on the conducted case analysis. In depth analysis of the intellectual property, employment and revenue profile and correlations of the selected biotechnology firms are provided. Case analysis focused on patents, which are dominant and easy to study public form of intellectual property in biotechnology firms. Arizona biotechnology firms were found to especially capitalize on patents, even if the number of employees is small, while in Lithuania biotechnology firms appear to lack clear focus on on patents and instead have non-innovative intellectual property, such as trademarks. This trend is the strongest in the small firms (by the number of employees). Analysis suggests that business value of intellectual property is much higher in Arizona, and is not sufficiently ascertained in Lithuania. Analysis also shows that biotech SMEs in the US benefit from the patent focus and derive significant business value from patents, while the benefits of dispersed approach to intellectual property in Lithuania are uncertain. The authors suggest that biotech SMEs in Europe may benefit from focused patenting.

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Intellectual property protection and European ‘competitiveness'

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Pharmaceuticals and the Global South: A Healthy Challenge for Development Theory?

Pharmaceuticals and the Global South: A Healthy Challenge for Development Theory?

Business conflict and international law: The political economy of copyright in the United States

Business value of Intellectual Property in Biotech SMEs: case studies of Lithuanian and Arizona’s (US) firms

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