“…Metacognitive abilities are relevant predictors of academic performance, as they involve active processes of interaction of the subject with the objects of knowledge (Abdelrahman, 2020;Cai et al, 2019;Cromley & Kunze, 2020). The subject's active interaction, moreover, is a process that articulates and integrates a series of predictors of student's performance, as is the case of learning approaches (Gomes, 2011a(Gomes, , 2013(Gomes, , 2020Gomes & Golino, 2012b;Gomes et al, 2011Gomes et al, , 2020bGomes et al, , 2021Rodrigues & Gomes, 2020), students' beliefs about the learning process (Alves et al, 2012;Gomes & Borges, 2008a), self-referential cognitions (Costa et al, 2017), and motivation for learning (Gomes & Gjikuria, 2018).…”