Integrins Were Involved in Soybean Agglutinin Induced Cell Apoptosis in IPEC-J2

Abstract

Soybean agglutinin (SBA), is a non-fiber carbohydrate related protein and a major anti-nutritional factor. Integrins, transmembrane glycoproteins, are involved in many biological processes. Although recent work suggested that integrins are involved in SBA-induced cell-cycle alterations, no comprehensive study has reported whether integrins are involved in SBA-induced cell apoptosis (SCA) in IPEC-J2. The relationship between SBA and integrins are still unclear. We aimed to elucidate the effects of SBA on IPEC-J2 cell proliferation and cell apoptosis; to study the roles of integrins in IPEC-J2 normal cell apoptosis (NCA) and SCA; and to illustrate the relationship and connection type between SBA and integrins. Thus, IPEC-J2 cells were treated with SBA at the levels of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/mL to determine cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. The cells were divided into control, SBA treated groups, integrin inhibitor groups, and SBA + integrin inhibitor groups to determine the integrin function in SCA. The results showed that SBA significantly (p < 0.05) lowered cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in IPEC-J2 (p < 0.05). Inhibition of any integrin type induced the cell apoptosis (p < 0.05) and these integrins were involved in SCA (p < 0.05). Even SBA had no physical connection with integrins, an association was detected between SBA and α-actinin-2 ACTN2 (integrin-binding protein). Additionally, SBA reduced the mRNA expression of integrins by down regulating the gene expression level of ACTN2. We concluded an evidence for the anti-nutritional mechanism of SBA by ACTN2 with integrins. Further trials are needed to prove whether ACTN2 is the only protein for connecting SBA with integrin.

Effects of alternative dietary protein of Nigella sativa on some hematological, biochemical and immunological responses of pregnant Barki ewes

“…Recently, it was reported that; soybean or soybean products can lead to some deleterious effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Such effects are related to abnormal cell cycle (Pan et al 2017), cell apoptosis (Pan et al 2018b), or altering the normal microbial composition of the gut (Pan et al 2018a). Several studies have been conducted on sheep to evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa (NS) on different blood biochemical parameters in different physiological conditions.…”

N‐Acetyl‐d‐galactosamine prevents soya bean agglutinin‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in intestinal porcine epithelial cells

“…The release of alkaline phosphatase in the intestinal epithelial cells increases intestinal membrane permeability, elevating the occurrence of inflammation and infections (Bates, Akerlund, Mittge, & Guillemin, ; Geddes & Philpott, ), and decrease in TEER value. The increase in intestinal membrane permeability results in the reduction in tight junction integrity, disruption of cell‐to‐cell adhesions and decrease in cell viability and causes intestinal villus atrophy (Grant, Ewen et al, ; Pan et al, ; Pan, Zhao et al, ; Zhao et al, ), affecting cellular morphology, metabolism and proliferation (Pan et al, ). Several studies reported that the supplementation of SBA in intestinal epithelial cells decreased the TEER value, hence affecting membrane permeability (Dalla Pellegrina et al, ,; Pan et al, ).…”

“…The ingestion of SBA can decrease the intestinal health by affecting intestinal structures (Fasina et al, ), barrier functions (Pan, Farouk et al, ; Pan et al, ), mucosal immune systems (Greer & Pusztai, ) and balance of the intestinal flora (Pusztai Greer & Grant, ). The anti‐nutritional effects of SBA are reportedly varying in animals based on species, age and concentration of lectins (Pan, Zhao et al, ); these effects are greater in animals with single stomach compartment than animals with complex stomach compartments (Grant, Holland, Thomas, King, & Liesman, ). The SBA decreases membrane barrier functions in the epithelial cells by increasing membrane permeability, inhibits cell viability and decreases tight junction protein (Occludin and claudin) expression (Pan, Farouk et al, ; Pan et al, ).…”

The Whole Cell Proteome-based Study on The Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Soybean Agglutinin on IPEC-J2

“…The researches in cellular level indicated that SBA can damage the interaction between cell-to-cell, increase cell apoptosis rates, inhibit cell proliferation, and affect some signal transduction pathways [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”