Integrative Analysis Toward Different Glucose Tolerance-Related Gut Microbiota and Diet

Abstract

Objective: There is evidence that type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is affected by gut microbiota, and gut microbiota diversity modified by diet. To investigate its modifications in Uyghur patients with different glucose tolerance, we enrolled 561 subjects: newly diagnosed T2DM ( n = 145), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) patients ( n = 138) and in normal control (NC) population ( n = 278). Methods: The nutrient intake in food frequency questionnaire was calculated by R language. The regions V3-V4 of 16S ribosomal RNA were sequenced by using Illumina Miseq platform. Sequences were clustered by operational taxonomy units, gut microbiota composition, and diversity was analyzed. Correlations between bacterial composition at different level and dietary factors were evaluated. Results: The α-diversity was highest in NC, followed by T2DM and IGR; β-diversity distinguished between patients and NC. Compared to NC, Saccharibacteria was significantly increased in T2DM and IGR. Deferribacteres was significantly increased in T2DM compared to NC and IGR. Veillonella, Pasteurellaceae , and Haemophilus were over-represented in IGR. Abundance of Bacteroidetes was negatively correlated with LDL-C; Abundance of Tenericutes was negatively correlated with hip circumference and total cholesterol, positively correlated with HDL-C and cake intake; Actinobacteria was positively correlated with BMI and folic acid intake, negatively correlated with oil intake. Firmicutes was negatively correlated with beverage and alcohol intake. Spirochaetae was negatively correlated with fungus, fruits, beans, vitamin C, dietary fiber, and calcium. Fusobacteria was positively correlated with beans intake, and was negatively correlated with fat intake. Proteobacteria was positively correlated with tuber crops intake. Synergistetes was positively correlated with cholesterol, nicotinic acid, and selenium intake. Deferribacteres was negatively correlated with magnesium intake. Conclusions: At the phylum and genus level, the structure and diversity of intestinal microbiota of T2DM and IGR was altered, the number of OTUs, the relative abundance, and diversity were all decreased. The gut microbiota of the newly diagnosed T2DM, IGR, and NC were related to age, blood lipids, BMI, blood pressure, and dietary nutrient intake. Unbalanced nutrient intake in the three groups may affect the structure and abundance of the gut microbiota, which may play a role in the occurrence and development of T2DM.

Seasonal Variation in Gut Microbiota Composition: Comparative Analysis of Siberian Musk Deer (Moschus moschiferus) and Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii)

“…Similar phenomena have been found in previous studies on sika deer [29] and human living environment [48] --different living environment makes spirochaetae only appear in intestinal ora of a certain living environment. In addition, studies have shown that animals fed diets rich in fungi, vitamin C and dietary ber have lower levels of spirochaetae in gut microbiota [49], which is in line with our experimental animal Siberian musk deer similar, but need further validation.…”

Seasonal Variation in Gut Microbiota Composition: Comparative Analysis of Siberian Musk Deer (Moschus moschiferus) and Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii)

“…Similar phenomena have been found in previous studies on sika deer [30] and human living environment [48] --different living environment makes spirochaetae only appear in intestinal ora of a certain living environment. In addition, studies have shown that animals fed diets rich in fungi, vitamin C and dietary ber have lower levels of spirochaetae in gut microbiota [49], which is in line with our experimental animal Siberian musk deer similar, but need further validation.…”

The effect of a diet based on rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes versus a fresh corn Stover-based diet on the rumen bacterial community and metabolites of beef cattle

“…The proportions of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced increase with the number of Fibrobacteres 59 . Spirochaetae and Actinobacteria produce several enzymes that break down plant biomass into simple sugars or fatty acids 60,61 . Nevertheless, these phyla had only minor impacts on the total VFA level in the rumen fluid as their total abundance for both treatment groups was < 1.6%.…”