-The integration of wind and solar generators into power systems causes "integration costs" -for grids, balancing services, more flexible operation of thermal plants, and reduced utilization of the capital stock embodied in infrastructure, among other things. This paper proposes a framework to analyze and quantify these costs. We propose a definition of integration costs based on the marginal economic value of electricity, or market value -as such a definition can be more easily used in economic cost-benefit assessment than previous approaches. We suggest decomposing integration costs intro three components, according to the principal characteristics of wind and solar power: temporal variability, uncertainty, and location-constraints. Quantitative estimates of these components are extracted from a review of 100+ published studies. At high penetration rates, say a wind market share of 30-40%, integration costs are found to be 25-35 €/MWh, i.e. up to 50% of generation costs. While these estimates are system-specific and subject to significant uncertainty, integration costs are certainly too large to be ignored in high-penetration assessments (but might be ignored at low penetration). The largest single factor is reduced utilization of capital embodied in thermal plants, a cost component that has not been accounted for in most previous integration studies. We propose a new definition of "integration costs" of wind and solar power. Integration costs can be translated into reduced energy value, and vice versa. Integration costs are large: 25-35 €/MWh at 30-40% wind, according to a lit review. We suggest a consistent, operationable, robust & comprehensive cost decomposition. A major driver is reduced utilization of capital-intensive plants (profile costs).