Integration of renewable energy in wastewater treatment during COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges, opportunities, and progressive research trends

Mega-scale desalination efficacy (Reverse Osmosis, Electrodialysis, Membrane Distillation, MED, MSF) during COVID-19: Evidence from salinity, pretreatment methods, temperature of operation

“…Also, in membrane-based systems the pretreatment process lead to reducing the fouling phenomenon in membranes which is one of the most challenges in membrane-based technologies ( Zhou et al, 2015 ). There are various types of pretreatment technologies such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration ( Ju et al, 2020 ), chlorination, coagulation ( Ghernaout et al, 2014 ), electrocoagulation ( Bagga, Chellam, and Clifford, 2008 , Zahmatkesh et al, 2022 ), thermally-treatment, precipitation softening and sometimes combination of these methods. Although an extensive discussion is not necessary about the different pretreatment process, a brief explanation in open literature seems imperative.…”

Review of concerned SARS-CoV-2 variants like Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529), as well as novel methods for reducing and inactivating SARS-CoV-2 mutants in wastewater treatment facilities

“…The presence of multiple mutations associated with variants, as well as mutations that are linked (i.e., mutations on a single sequence read), is more likely to increase confidence in the results. Identifying unique mutations not shared by known variants, collecting data on RNA concentration corresponding to emergence (for example, a low initial concentration followed by an increase over time), and detecting multiple variant-associated mutations trending together in consecutive samples or using multiple methods are all important ( Zahmatkesh et al 2022 ). Clinical case reports in the area should also be considered as well.…”

Evaluating the Inertia of the Jordanian Power Grid

“…The integration of renewable energy sources can have significant impacts on the power system, including voltage variations and imbalances, current and voltage harmonics, protection against grid islanding, and other power quality issues, such as flicker and stress on distribution transformers [9,10].…”