Integration of Heterogeneous Materials for Wearable Sensors

Haddara, Yaser M.; Howlader, M. M. R.

doi:10.3390/polym10010060

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Wearable sensing devices have evolved from a device to a system perspective during the last two decades, with the system combining the device with data. While earlier research focused on specific technical domains of the wearables field, such as sensing devices [ 86 , 87 ], materials [ 88 , 89 ], and soft interfaces [ 90 ], or on the production and application of such devices to focus on a particular medical condition, such as atrial fibrillation [ 91 ], cystic fibrosis [ 92 ], or diabetes [ 93 , 94 ], there is still an unmet medical requirement to evaluate, develop, and confirm this automation, particularly for sports medicine [ 95 ].…”

Section: Continuous Body Tracking Devices Powered By Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Wearable Optical Sensor Automation Powered by Battery versus Skin-like Battery-Free Devices for Personal Healthcare—A Review

2022

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Currently, old-style personal Medicare techniques rely mostly on traditional methods, such as cumbersome tools and complicated processes, which can be time consuming and inconvenient in some circumstances. Furthermore, such old methods need the use of heavy equipment, blood draws, and traditional bench-top testing procedures. Invasive ways of acquiring test samples can potentially cause patient discomfort and anguish. Wearable sensors, on the other hand, may be attached to numerous body areas to capture diverse biochemical and physiological characteristics as a developing analytical tool. Physical, chemical, and biological data transferred via the skin are used to monitor health in various circumstances. Wearable sensors can assess the aberrant conditions of the physical or chemical components of the human body in real time, exposing the body state in time, thanks to unintrusive sampling and high accuracy. Most commercially available wearable gadgets are mechanically hard components attached to bands and worn on the wrist, with form factors ultimately constrained by the size and weight of the batteries required for the power supply. Basic physiological signals comprise a lot of health-related data. The estimation of critical physiological characteristics, such as pulse inconstancy or variability using photoplethysmography (PPG) and oxygen saturation in arterial blood using pulse oximetry, is possible by utilizing an analysis of the pulsatile component of the bloodstream. Wearable gadgets with “skin-like” qualities are a new type of automation that is only starting to make its way out of research labs and into pre-commercial prototypes. Flexible skin-like sensing devices have accomplished several functionalities previously inaccessible for typical sensing devices due to their deformability, lightness, portability, and flexibility. In this paper, we studied the recent advancement in battery-powered wearable sensors established on optical phenomena and skin-like battery-free sensors, which brings a breakthrough in wearable sensing automation.

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Section: Continuous Body Tracking Devices Powered By Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Wearable Optical Sensor Automation Powered by Battery versus Skin-like Battery-Free Devices for Personal Healthcare—A Review

2022

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“…Wearable sensors are being developed to exploit the wealth of physiologically relevant information in sweat for continuous health monitoring. 107 These sensors will fully integrate the sensing element, power electronics, and communication components on the microscale. These complete electrochemical sensing systems along with wearable and implantable sensors will be fabricated on a single common substrate, one that must be flexible, stable, safe, and reliable.…”

Section: ■ Conclusion and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensing of Cannabinoids in Biofluids: A Noninvasive Tool for Drug Detection

et al. 2020

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Cannabinoid sensing in biofluids provides great insight into the effects of medicinal cannabis on the body. The prevalence of cannabis for pain management and illicit drug use necessitates knowledge translation in cannabinoids. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current detection methods of cannabinoids in bodily fluids emphasizing electrochemical sensing. First, we introduce cannabinoids and discuss the structure and metabolism of Δ9-THC and its metabolites in relation to blood, urine, saliva, sweat, and breath. Next, we briefly discuss lab based techniques for cannabinoids in biofluids. While these techniques are highly sensitive and specific, roadside safety requires a quick, portable, and cost-effective sensing method. These needs motivated a comprehensive review of advantages, disadvantages, and future directions for electrochemical sensing of cannabinoids. The literature shows the lowest limit of detection to be 3.3 pg of Δ9-THC/mL using electrochemical immunosensors, while electrodes fabricated with low cost methods such as screen-printing and carbon paste can detect as little as 25 and 1.26 ng of Δ9-THC/mL, respectively. Future research will include nanomaterial modified working electrodes, for simultaneous sensing of multiple cannabinoids. Additionally, there should be an emphasis on selectivity for cannabinoids in the presence of interfering compounds. Sensors should be fully integrated on biocompatible substrates with control electronics and intelligent components for wearable diagnostics. We hope this Review will prove to be the seminal work in the electrochemical sensing of cannabinoids.

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“…Active materials, electrode, and substrate are the essential components of a typical wearable sensor [226][227][228]. Besides, a dielectric material, which is an electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field, is used in some other sensors such as flexible FET-type sensors [211].…”

Section: Sensor Building Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Sensors: Materials, Fabrication Methods, Performance Evaluations and Future Perspectives

Al-Qatatsheh

Morsi

Zavabeti

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Advancements in materials science and fabrication techniques have contributed to the significant growing attention to a wide variety of sensors for digital healthcare. While the progress in this area is tremendously impressive, few wearable sensors with the capability of real-time blood pressure monitoring are approved for clinical use. One of the key obstacles in the further development of wearable sensors for medical applications is the lack of comprehensive technical evaluation of sensor materials against the expected clinical performance. Here, we present an extensive review and critical analysis of various materials applied in the design and fabrication of wearable sensors. In our unique transdisciplinary approach, we studied the fundamentals of blood pressure and examined its measuring modalities while focusing on their clinical use and sensing principles to identify material functionalities. Then, we carefully reviewed various categories of functional materials utilized in sensor building blocks allowing for comparative analysis of the performance of a wide range of materials throughout the sensor operational-life cycle. Not only this provides essential data to enhance the materials’ properties and optimize their performance, but also, it highlights new perspectives and provides suggestions to develop the next generation pressure sensors for clinical use.

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Integration of Heterogeneous Materials for Wearable Sensors

Cited by 19 publications

References 126 publications

Recent Advances in Wearable Optical Sensor Automation Powered by Battery versus Skin-like Battery-Free Devices for Personal Healthcare—A Review

Recent Advances in Wearable Optical Sensor Automation Powered by Battery versus Skin-like Battery-Free Devices for Personal Healthcare—A Review

Electrochemical Sensing of Cannabinoids in Biofluids: A Noninvasive Tool for Drug Detection

Blood Pressure Sensors: Materials, Fabrication Methods, Performance Evaluations and Future Perspectives

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