Integration of Geomatics Techniques for Digitizing Highly Relevant Geological and Cultural Heritage Sites: The Case of San Leo (Italy)

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The research activities described in this contribution were carried out at San Leo (Italy). The town is located on the top of a quadrangular rock slab affected by a complex system of fractures and has a wealth of cultural heritage, as evidenced by the UNESCO's nomination. The management of this fragile set requires a comprehensive system of geometrical information to analyse and preserve all the geological and cultural features. In this perspective, the latest Geomatics techniques were used to perform some detailed surveys and to manage the great amount of acquired geometrical knowledge of both natural (the cliff) and historical heritage. All the data were also georeferenced in a unique reference system. In particular, high accurate terrestrial laser scanner surveys were performed for the whole cliff, in order to obtain a dense point cloud useful for a large number of geological studies, among others the analyses of the last rockslide by comparing pre-and post-event data. Moreover, the geometrical representation of the historical centre was performed using different approaches, in order to generate an accurate DTM and DSM of the site. For these purposes, a large scale numerical map was used, integrating the data with GNSS and laser surveys of the area. Finally, many surveys were performed with different approaches on some of the most relevant monuments of the town. In fact, these surveys were performed by terrestrial laser scanner, light structured scanner and photogrammetry, the last mainly applied with the Structure from Motion approach.

3d Documentation Towards Heritage Conservation: A Rapid Mapping Approach Applied to Bahrain Forts

“…After the subdivision of the blocks the first registration is carried out using a Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, subsequently the registered point clouds have been georeferenced through the checkboard targets placed on the walls (as for the photogrammetric process the LiDAR target were previously measure via a total station survey). -Close-range photogrammetry, as well as the LiDAR approach described in the previous section, represents a widely used solution in the framework of the heritage digitization (Girelli et al, 2017). In addition to the flexibility of this solution and to the cost-effectiveness, this strategy allows to achieve high detailed 3D models characterised by high-resolution radiometry, representing a valuable and efficient tool for the knowledge processes at the base of the conservation plan.…”

Integrated Survey and Smart Navigation of Complex Territorial Models

“…Its development has come about in recent years due in part to the new possibilities that the innovative technology found within the sector offers. We reference survey campaigns in complex locations, characterized by the dual presence of both natural and anthropic elements (Remondino, 2011;Girelli et al, 2017;Herrero-Tejedor et al, 2020;Liuzzo and Giuliano, 2019;Liuzzo et al, 2017Liuzzo et al, , 2019.…”

HBIM for Conservation: A New Proposal for Information Modeling

“…As far as survey is concerned, nowadays workflows and techniques are well established [11,28,29], and guidelines such as the English Heritage Metric Survey Practice [30] and Historic American Building Surveys (HABS) [31] are progressively appearing. Open research topics are big survey datasets management [32,33], multi-resolution surveys [34], and automatic point cloud segmentation [35][36][37]. Three-dimensional modeling research concentrates mainly on how to parameterize complex elements (such as ornaments and classical orders elements) [21,38,39] and how to model geometric irregularities and structure deformations [24,40].…”

“…The survey [68,78] and the acquisition of both geometric and semantic data were then carried out with an integrated and multi-scale approach and archival analysis. The integrated survey overcomes the limitations of each technique, optimizing data acquisition, and object coverage [34]. Multiresolution helps to manage the huge amount of data while ensuring an adequate level of detail where needed.…”