Integration of CRISPR/Cas9 with artificial intelligence for improved cancer therapeutics

Abstract

Gene editing has great potential in treating diseases caused by well-characterized molecular alterations. The introduction of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)–based gene-editing tools has substantially improved the precision and efficiency of gene editing. The CRISPR/Cas9 system offers several advantages over the existing gene-editing approaches, such as its ability to target practically any genomic sequence, enabling the rapid development and deployment of novel CRISPR-mediated knock-out/knock-in methods. CRISPR/Cas9 has been widely used to develop cancer models, validate essential genes as druggable targets, study drug-resistance mechanisms, explore gene non-coding areas, and develop biomarkers. CRISPR gene editing can create more-effective chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells that are durable, cost-effective, and more readily available. However, further research is needed to define the CRISPR/Cas9 system’s pros and cons, establish best practices, and determine social and ethical implications. This review summarizes recent CRISPR/Cas9 developments, particularly in cancer research and immunotherapy, and the potential of CRISPR/Cas9-based screening in developing cancer precision medicine and engineering models for targeted cancer therapy, highlighting the existing challenges and future directions. Lastly, we highlight the role of artificial intelligence in refining the CRISPR system's on-target and off-target effects, a critical factor for the broader application in cancer therapeutics.

Cas-based bacterial detection: recent advances and perspectives

“…Not to be overlooked in the future is the integration of CRISPR with other emerging technologies, such as microfluidics, nanomaterials, non-amplified reactions, and the field of artificial intelligence, to establish new assays to meet clinical needs. 145,146 In the course of this developmental journey, the ongoing exploration of CRISPR effector proteins holds promise as an exciting avenue for future research endeavours!…”

Biodrug Delivery Systems: Do mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Come of Age?

“…This is followed by cell expansion and re-infusion to the patient. Infused CAR T cells determine anti-cancer immune responses, targeting cancer cells and tumor regression [13].…”

CRISPR and Artificial intelligence to improve precision medicine: Future Perspectives and Potential Limitations

“…important in gRNA and CRISPR applications 41 . This method uses algorithms based on a growing gene editing data set reported globally and helps to predict activity and score gRNA features for best CRISPR performance 42 .…”

“…to help predict important off-target effects of the CRISPR-Cas9 system 41 . The results of the studies have shown that the off-target effects of CRISPR, which may not always be random, may be prevented by the proper design of gRNA sequences 53 .…”