Integration of Algae to Improve Nitrogenous Waste Management in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: A Review

Ramli, Norulhuda Mohamed; Verreth, J.A.J.; Yusoff, Fatimah Md.; Nurulhuda, K.; Nagao, Norio; Verdegem, M.C.J.

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.01004

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Recently, Nature published a review characterizing the rapid development in global aquaculture in the past two decades and highlighting the integration of aquaculture in the global food system (Naylor et al, 2021). It was expected that aquaculture would contribute 52% of the world total fishery production in 2025 (Ramli et al, 2020). Inevitably, the fast expansion of largescale intensive culture activities has brought about adverse effects, especially pollutions on the aquaculture ecosystem itself and the ambient environment (Liu and Su, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive evaluation of growth characteristics, nitrogen removal capacity, and nutritional properties of three diet microalgae

Zhang

Han²,

Ma³

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Nitrogen is one of the main pollution sources in aquaculture system. Microalgae are considered as one of the ideal bio-absorbents used in wastewater purification, due to their nitrogen removal capacity and more importantly nutritional value. Nannochloropsis oceanica, Cyclotella atomus, and Conticribra weissflogii are famous as diet microalgae. However, estimation of nitrogen removal capability and concomitant nutritional properties of the three species have been rarely reported, which was performed in this study. N. oceanica, C. atomus, and C. weissflogii were cultivated with two initial nitrate-N concentration, noted as NC (13.85 mg·L–1) and NW (5 mg·L–1) groups, respectively. All the three microalgal strains in NC group showed higher maximum cell density, specific growth rate, and biomass concentration, maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), total Chlorophyll and carotenoids contents than that in NW group. These results confirmed the importance of nitrogen for microalgal biomass generation and photosynthetic performance. From Fv/Fm, N. oceanica has better adaptability towards nitrogen depletion compared to other two selected strains. The three microalgae exhibited significantly stronger nitrate-N absorption efficiencies in NC group at the same timepoint, compared to NW. Analyzing the average amount of nitrate-N absorbed by each cell daily, C. weissflogii gained the largest value, followed successively by C. atomus and N. oceanica, likely due to species specificity. Moreover, three strains removed 90% of nitrate-N within five days and 99% of that within seven days, showing splendid nitrogen removal potentials. These results confirmed the feasibility of removing nitrogen from wastewater with the selected three microalgae. Nutritional properties of microalgal biomass were also investigated. For the three species, lower nitrate-N was beneficial for the production of soluble sugar, total lipid, and saturated fatty acid, while higher nitrate-N led to more soluble protein and polyunsaturated fatty acid. In summary, N. oceanica, C. atomus, and C. weissflogii all showed strong nitrogen removal capacity, whose growth characteristics and nutritional properties varied with nitrogen concentration. In practical application for assimilating nitrogen, these findings could provide some references for the selection of suitable microalgae species in order to satisfy different nutritional requirements of various aquatic animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive evaluation of growth characteristics, nitrogen removal capacity, and nutritional properties of three diet microalgae

Zhang

Han²,

Ma³

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…The harmful consequences of excess ammonia and nitrite nitrogen on fish include stunted growth, altered tissue structure, and decreased survival [11][12][13] . Besides, the suspended particles in the water bodies also will affect the function of fish gills [14] and provide more breeding space for pathogens [15,16] .…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of flow velocity on water quality and ammonia excretion in recirculating aquaculture system culturing juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Xiao

Wang²,

Chen

et al. 2022

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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Flow velocity plays an important role in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and the growing practice of culturing juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). In this study, the effects of flow velocity on the water quality as well as the ammonia excretion were discussed from the perspective of actual production, and a polynomial model of ammonia nitrogen excretion was established, using the juvenile largemouth bass. Results showed that the range of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen decreased with flow velocity increasing, while the number and volume share of large particles increased. According to the polynomial model, compared with the medium flow velocity (11 cm/s, 2.45 body length (bl)/s), the ammonia excretion of juvenile largemouth bass at high (18 cm/s, 4.00 bl/s), and low (4 cm/s, 0.90 bl/s) flow velocity changed faster with time, and the excretion rate peaked at the 6th hour after feeding, earlier than that under medium flow velocity. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the flow velocity at the 5th hour after feeding and then decreased it at the 10th hour, to ensure better water quality in RAS culturing juvenile largemouth bass.

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“…The algae are an essential part of these integrated trophic aquaculture systems. They increase the photosynthetic and nutrient absorption capacities of the system leading to the removal of nutrients and an increase in oxygen concentration (Milhazes‐Cunha & Otero, 2017; Ramli et al, 2020). Some measures should be undertaken to control the algal biomass, otherwise, an algal bloom may decrease water quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abatement of water nutrient load in a fish culture system using the aquatic trophic levels

Poorbagher

Rafiee

Tavabe

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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Integrated aquatic systems are used to decrease the nutrient loads of effluents negating the negative environmental impacts of aquacultural systems. Some of these systems have a separate algae compartment requiring high maintenance. An integrated culture system was set up with different trophic levels: algae, zooplankton, and fish. The algal tank was in‐line with the fish and zooplankton components to minimize the maintenance required for the algae. A control flow‐through system was also set up without the algae and zooplankton compartments. The systems were run for 6 weeks, and water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, NO3, NO2, NH4, and PO4 concentrations were measured. A removal rate was determined for each water parameter and the densities of the algae and zooplankton species were measured in each compartment of the integrated system. The concentrations of most nutrients in the integrated system were similar to those of the control system. The density of algae increased during the first 3 weeks and remained almost stable until the end of the experiment. There was an inverse relationship between the densities of two zooplankton suggesting compensatory effects on the control of the algal bloom. The integrated system improved water quality with minimal algal culture maintenance, water exchange, and no fish mortality. Practitioner Points An integrated system could effectively reduce the nutrient load of water. Water replacement in the integrated system was significantly lower than that of a flow through system. The inline plankton culture tanks decreased greatly the maintenance of the system.

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Integration of Algae to Improve Nitrogenous Waste Management in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: A Review

Cited by 36 publications

References 122 publications

Comprehensive evaluation of growth characteristics, nitrogen removal capacity, and nutritional properties of three diet microalgae

Comprehensive evaluation of growth characteristics, nitrogen removal capacity, and nutritional properties of three diet microalgae

Effects of flow velocity on water quality and ammonia excretion in recirculating aquaculture system culturing juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Abatement of water nutrient load in a fish culture system using the aquatic trophic levels

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