Integration of a Wearable Mobile Mapping Solution and Advance Numerical Simulations for the Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions: A Case of Study in San Pedro Church (Palencia, Spain)

Abstract

This work aims at enhancing the current methodologies used for generating as-built CAD models suitable for advanced numerical simulations. To this end, this paper proposes the use of a wearable mobile mapping system that allows one to improve the digitalization stage in terms of flexibility and time required. The noise showed by the resulting point cloud, based on the simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) solution, demands a post-processing stage that introduces the use of a parameter-free noise reduction filter. This filter improves the quality of the point cloud, allowing for the adjustment of surfaces by means of parametric and non-parametric shapes. These shapes are created by using reverse engineering procedures. The results showed during this investigation highlight a novel application of this sensor: the creation of as-built CAD models for advanced numerical simulations. The results of this investigation are complemented by a valuable contribution with respect to the use of an advanced restoration solution, by means of textile reinforced mortar. To this end, the CAD model is used as the geometrical base for several numerical simulations by means of the finite element method. All this procedure is applied in a construction with structural problems.

Evaluation of a Slam-Based Point Cloud for Deflection Analysis in Historic Timber Floors

“…In the case of the SLAM-based solutions, such as the WMMS sensors, the noise could be relevant, affecting negatively to the final product (i.e. extraction of sections or measures) (Sánchez-Aparicio et al, 2021). Thus, it is important not only to evaluate the discrepancies between the WMMS point clouds and the TLS one (which acts as reference data) (Di Filippo et al, 2018;Nocerino et al, 2017;Sánchez-Aparicio et al, 2019), but also to integrate additional noise-reduction strategies that allow to improve this aspect.…”

“…This method is able to preserve fine features as well as sharp edges. It is worth mentioning that this algorithm was tested on another study case that used the same WMMS sensor (Sánchez-Aparicio et al, 2021), improving the original data.…”

A Review of Mobile Mapping Systems: From Sensors to Applications

“…Digital Heritage Conservation Mapping a complex heritage site using handheld MMS [92]; mapping a museum in a complex building [94]; numerical simulations for structural analysis of historical constructions [144]; digital heritage documentation [145]; mapping archaeological sites [146];…”

“…These derived products can be either 2D floor plans or 3D mesh or polyhedral models representing the structure of architectures, or the life cycle of the construction process [145]. A popular example of MMS in BIM is for 3D city modeling, where it can be used to collect information on roadside buildings [143][144][145] and their structural information like windows layout and doors [98,146]. Additionally, they can also be used to maintain plans and record indoor 3D assets and building layouts, which can be generated using handheld, backpack, or trolley MMSs.…”

Towards a Combined Use of Geophysics and Remote Sensing Techniques for the Characterization of a Singular Building: “El Torreón” (the Tower) at Ulaca Oppidum (Solosancho, Ávila, Spain)

“…The primary remote sensing methods applied in archaeology currently consist of range-based methods (static/dynamic laser scanner) [ 23 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] and image-based methods (photogrammetry/image-based modelling) [ 24 , 29 , 30 ]. Likewise, techniques such as aerial photogrammetry or airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and terrestrial photogrammetry or laser scanners are essential for the documentation of open spaces [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”