Integration and segregation in auditory scene analysis

Sussman, Elyse

doi:10.1121/1.1854312

Cited by 96 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The regularities stored in memory provide the auditory context from which deviance detection takes place. Thus, the representation of sounds in memory (e.g., as one or two streams) forms the basis for evaluating incoming sound information (Sussman, 2005;Sussman and Steinschneider, 2006). Deviance detection is determined on the basis of the stored regularities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MMN, which is generated bilaterally within auditory cortices (Alho, 1995;Giard et al, 1990), reflects the output of a deviance detection process. The deviance detection process is based upon the extraction of regularities ('standard') within the auditory input, from which detected violations ('deviants') elicit MMN as a result of a comparison process (Näätänen et al, 2001;Sussman, 2005). Thus, MMN can be used to determine which regularities (individual features or pattern of sounds) are represented in sensory memory at the time the 'deviant' occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual cues can modulate integration and segregation of objects in auditory scene analysis

et al. 2007

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The task of assigning concurrent sounds to different auditory objects is known to depend on temporal and spectral cues. When tones of high and low frequencies are presented in alternation, they can be perceived as a single, integrated melody, or as two parallel, segregated melodic lines, according to the presentation rate and frequency distance between the sounds. At an intermediate distance, in the 'ambiguous' range, both percepts are possible. We conducted an electrophysiological experiment to determine whether an ambiguous sound organization could be modulated toward an integrated or segregated percept by the synchronous presentation of visual cues. Two sets of sounds (one high frequency and one low frequency) were interleaved. To promote integration or segregation, visual stimuli were synchronized to either the within-set frequency pattern or to the across-set intensity pattern. Elicitation of the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of event-related brain potentials was used to index the segregated organization, when no task was performed with the sounds. MMN was elicited only when the visual pattern promoted the segregation of the sounds. The results demonstrate cross-modal effects on auditory object perception in that sound ambiguity was resolved by synchronous presentation of visual stimuli, which promoted either an integrated or segregated perception of the sounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual cues can modulate integration and segregation of objects in auditory scene analysis

et al. 2007

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“…Recent results (Carlyon, 2004;Cusack et al, 2004;Wrigley and Brown, 2004;Molholm et al, 2005, Snyder et al 2006) also suggest the presence of two cortical mechanisms of streaming -an automatic "pre-attentive" segregation of sounds and an attention-dependent streaming mechanism. The process of auditory scene analysis sets the stage and seamlessly interacts with the auditory attention system (Naatanen et al, 2001;Opitz et al, 2005;Sussman, 2005). Thus, an explanation of the cocktail party effect must include an understanding of the interplay between ASA, and our abilities to direct spatial attention to sound sources within the acoustic scene and/or to direct featural attention by focusing on distinctive acoustic vocal features (such as fundamental frequency, timbre, accent, intonation) in order to identify individual speaker voices (Ahveninen, et al, 2006).…”

Section: I2 Brief Review Of Auditory Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does attention play a role in dynamic receptive field adaptation to changing acoustic salience in A1?

et al. 2007

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Acoustic filter properties of A1 neurons can dynamically adapt to stimulus statistics, classical conditioning, instrumental learning and the changing auditory attentional focus. We have recently developed an experimental paradigm that allows us to view cortical receptive field plasticity on-line as the animal meets different behavioral challenges by attending to salient acoustic cues and changing its cortical filters to enhance performance. We propose that attention is the key trigger that initiates a cascade of events leading to the dynamic receptive field changes that we observe. In our paradigm, ferrets were initially trained, using conditioned avoidance training techniques, to discriminate between background noise stimuli (temporally orthogonal ripple combinations) and foreground tonal target stimuli. They learned to generalize the task for a wide variety of distinct background and foreground target stimuli. We recorded cortical activity in the awake behaving animal and computed on-line spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) of single neurons in A1. We observed clear, predictable task-related changes in STRF shape while the animal performed spectral tasks (including single tone and multi-tone detection, and two-tone discrimination) with different tonal targets. A different set of task-related changes occurred when the animal performed temporal tasks (including gap detection and click-rate discrimination). Distinctive cortical STRF changes may constitute a "task-specific signature". These spectral and temporal changes in cortical filters occur quite rapidly, within 2 minutes of task onset, and fade just as quickly after task completion, or in some cases, persisted for hours. The same cell could multiplex by differentially changing its receptive field in different task conditions. On-line dynamic task-related changes, as well as persistent plastic changes, were observed at a single-unit, multi-unit and population level. Auditory attention is likely to be pivotal in mediating these task-related changes since the magnitude of STRF changes correlated with behavioral performance on tasks with novel targets. Overall, these results suggest the presence of an attention-triggered plasticity algorithm in A1 that can swiftly change STRF shape by transforming receptive fields to enhance figure/ground separation, by using a contrast matched filter to filter out the background, while simultaneously enhancing the salient acoustic target in the foreground. These results favor the view of a nimble, dynamic, attentive and adaptive brain that can quickly reshape its sensory filter properties and sensori-motor links on a moment-to-moment basis, depending upon the current challenges the animal faces. In this review, we summarize our results in the context of a broader survey of the field of auditory attention, and then consider neuronal networks that could give rise to this phenomenon of attention-driven receptive field plasticity in A1.

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“…Sussman (2005) 28 analyzed the auditory aspect by means of a sound change detection sequence (MMN). He showed that the segregation processes can occur without attention focused in the sounds and how the sound elements are integrated and represented in the auditory memory.…”

Section: Mismatch Negativity (Mmn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Verificação das respostas do mismatch negativity (MMN) em sujeitos adultos normais

Brossi¹,

Borba²,

Garcia

et al. 2007

Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol.

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Mi smatch Negativity (MMN) is used to evaluate the central auditory system. Aim: to characterize the MMN, in normal subjects. Materials and methods: prospective study, 12 subjects, six males and six females, between the ages of 18 and 24. "Mann-Whytnei" test. Exams: Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA), Tympanometry, Otoacoustic Emissions and Short and Long Latency Auditory Potentials (MMN). Results: in MMN variable amplitude, the mean value was of -2.757 µV and -3.548 µV, CZA1 and CZA2; of 1.435 µV and -1.867 µV, CZA1 and CZA2. In variable and medium latency, we found in 150.7ms and 153.2ms, CZA1 and CZA2; in 170.4ms and 184.0ms, CZA1 and CZA2 -for females and males respectively. Conclusion: related to latency, there was significant statistical difference between the genders in relation to CZA1 and CZA2; and it was lower for females and higher for males.

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Integration and segregation in auditory scene analysis

Cited by 96 publications

References 53 publications

Visual cues can modulate integration and segregation of objects in auditory scene analysis

Visual cues can modulate integration and segregation of objects in auditory scene analysis

Does attention play a role in dynamic receptive field adaptation to changing acoustic salience in A1?

Verificação das respostas do mismatch negativity (MMN) em sujeitos adultos normais

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