Introdução:O diagnóstico e a intervenção precoces nas alterações auditivas são de fundamental importância no desenvolvimento infantil. O registro das emissões otoacústicas tem sido largamente indicado, por ser um exame rápido, de fácil aplicação. Objetivo: Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar a função auditiva periférica de recém-nascidos a termo e pré-termo adequados e pequenos para a idade gestacional, por meio da pesquisa das emissões otoacústicas transitórias, identificando a prevalência de alterações auditivas nesta população; verificar a influência das variáveis idade gestacional e peso ao nascimento, assim como de tipos de tratamento, ventilação mecânica, administração de medicamentos ototóxicos e permanência em incubadora e analisar os fatores que interferem nos programas de triagem auditiva neonatal. Forma de estudo: Clínico prospectivo. Material e método: Foram avaliadas 157 crianças, sendo 43 nascidas a termo, 79 pré-termo adequadas à idade gestacional e 35 pré-termo pequenas à idade gestacional. Resultado: Observou-se que recém-nascidos prematuros falham mais nas respostas das emissões otoacústicas. A prevalência de perda auditiva condutiva na população estudada foi de 29 orelhas para 1000 e para perda auditiva neurossensorial de 16 orelhas para 1000. As crianças de peso baixo ao nascimento foram as mais difíceis de serem avaliadas. As emissões otoacústicas transitórias foram observadas a partir de 27 semanas de idade gestacional. Os tipos de tratamentos utilizados foram fatores que influenciaram negativamente nas respostas das emissões otoacústicas nos grupos de prematuros. Conclusão: O trabalho de diagnóstico precoce da perda auditiva deve ser objetivo de equipe interdisciplinar -neonatologista, pediatra, otorrinolaringologista, fonoaudiólogo, enfermeiro e familiares -e deve ser seguido, imediatamente, por programas de intervenção precoce. There were appraised 157 children, whose 43 were born full term, 79 preterm adequate to gestacional age and 35 small preterm to gestacional age. It had been observed that premature neonates fail more in the answers from otoacoustic emissions. Cristiane Fregonesi Results:The prevalence of conductive hearing impairment in the population studied was from 29 ears to 1000 and for the sensory-neural hearing impairment from the 16 to 1000. The low weight children in the birth were the most difficult to be appraised. The transient otoacoustic emissions were observed from the beginning of 27 gestacional weeks old. The kinds of treatments used were factors that influenced negatively in the answers of the otoacoustic emissions in premature groups. Conclusion:The early diagnostic work of the hearing impairment must be objective of the interdisciplinary teamneonatologist, pediatrician, ear/nose and throat doctor, audiologist and speech-language pathologist, nurse and relatives -and must be followed, immediately, by the early interventions programs. ORIGINAL ARTICLE ARTIGO ORIGINALRev Bras Otorrinolaringol.

Mi smatch Negativity (MMN) is used to evaluate the central auditory system. Aim: to characterize the MMN, in normal subjects. Materials and methods: prospective study, 12 subjects, six males and six females, between the ages of 18 and 24. "Mann-Whytnei" test. Exams: Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA), Tympanometry, Otoacoustic Emissions and Short and Long Latency Auditory Potentials (MMN). Results: in MMN variable amplitude, the mean value was of -2.757 µV and -3.548 µV, CZA1 and CZA2; of 1.435 µV and -1.867 µV, CZA1 and CZA2. In variable and medium latency, we found in 150.7ms and 153.2ms, CZA1 and CZA2; in 170.4ms and 184.0ms, CZA1 and CZA2 -for females and males respectively. Conclusion: related to latency, there was significant statistical difference between the genders in relation to CZA1 and CZA2; and it was lower for females and higher for males.

P300 can be recorded in individuals with severe and profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss; it may contribute to the understanding of cortical development and is a good predictor of the early intervention outcome.

related to latency, there was significant statistical difference between the genders in relation to CZA1 and CZA2; and it was lower for females and higher for males.

Purpose: to perform a comparative study of brainstem evoked auditory potentials between smokers and non-smokers. Methods: the group studied was composed of 40 individuals, being 20 non-smokers and 20 smokers within the range of 20 to 59 years of age. All participants had to present responses to tonal thresholds within normal range and tympanometry type A, with the presence of ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic reflexes. Both groups underwent brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP). The parameters used to compare the two groups were the absolute latencies of waves I, III and V, the inter-latency waves I-III, IV and III-V in both ears, the difference between the IV inter-peak latency between the two ears and the inter--aural difference of wave V absolute latency between the two ears. Results: in our results, it was ascertained that the group of smokers showed latency I in the RE (p= 0.036), latency V in the RE (p= 0.007), latency V in the LE (p=0.014), inter-latency III-V in the RE (p=0.015) and LE (p= 0.016) significantly higher than the non-smokers. There was no significant difference in wave V latency between the two ears. Conclusion: the results of the study led to the conclusion that tobacco is a risk factor for the central auditory nervous system, interfering with latencies and with BAEP inter-wave latencies in the group of smokers when compared to the group of non-smokers. Keywords: Smoking; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Hearing RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os resultados dos exames de potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico em indivíduos não tabagistas e tabagistas. Métodos: foram estudados 40 indivíduos, sendo 20 não tabagistas e 20 tabagistas, com idades entre 20 e 59 anos. Todos os participantes incluídos na pesquisa deveriam apresentar respostas de limiares tonais dentro dos padrões da normalidade e timpanometria tipo A com presença de reflexos acústicos contralaterais e ipsilaterais. Em ambos os grupos foram realizados os potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico (PEATE), por meio de cliques. Os parâmetros que foram utilizados na comparação dos dois grupos foram as latências absolutas das ondas I, III e V; as interlatências das ondas I-III, I-V e III-V em ambas as orelhas; a diferença da latência interpico I-V entre as duas orelhas e a diferença interaural da latência absoluta da onda V entre as duas orelhas. Resultados: os resultados encontrados mostraram que o grupo de tabagistas apresentou latência I da Orelha Direita (p=0,036), latência V da Orelha Direita (p=0,007), latência V da Orelha Esquerda (p=0,014), interlatência III-V da Orelha Direita (p=0,015) e Orelha Esquerda (p=0,016) significantemente maior que o grupo de não tabagistas. Não houve diferença significante na latência da onda V entre as duas orelhas. Conclusão: os resultados da pesquisa levaram à conclusão de que o tabaco é um fator de risco para o sistema nervoso auditivo central, que pode interferir nas latências e interlatências das ondas do PEATE no grupo de tabagistas quando comparado com...

there is no statistically significant difference between the latency and amplitude when we compared males and females, right and left sides in the elderly and between chronologic ages between adults and elderly subjects.

Mi smatch Negativity is an endogenous potential which reflects the processing of differences incurred in the acoustic stimulus. Aim: to characterize MMN responses in elderly subjects and compare with adult subjects. Materials and methods: prospective study involving 30 subjects, 15 men and 15 women, aged between 60 and 80 years and 11 months. Statistical test: Mann-Whitney. The subjects went through medical evaluation, threshold tonal audiometry, immittance tests, otoacoustic emissions and short and long latency auditory potentials (MMN). Results: mean latency was 161.33 ms (CZA2) and 148.67 ms (CZA1), in women; of 171 ms (CZA2) and 159.07 ms (CZA1), men. Mean amplitude was -2.753 μV (CZA2) and -2.177 μV (CZA1), women; -1.847 μV (CZA2) and -1.953 μV (CZA1), men. As to the right and left hemispheres, mean latency variable of 166 ms (CZA2) and 153.87 ms (CZA1); for the amplitude variable, mean value of -2.316 μV (CZA2) and -2.065 μV (CZA1). Conclusion: there is no statistically significant difference between the latency and amplitude when we compared males and females, right and left sides in the elderly and between chronologic ages between adults and elderly subjects.

Introduction The association between prenatal Zika virus infection and hearing alterations in offspring has been the object of some studies, although few have assessed children without microcephaly. However, a current trend to include prenatal Zika virus exposure in the group of risk indicators for hearing loss is noted. Objective To present a series of 27 children prenatally exposed to the Zika virus submitted to multiple hearing assessments over time. Methods A cohort of children born to symptomatic mothers with laboratorial Zika virus infection confirmation during pregnancy was submitted to an otoacoustic emission test, auditory brainstem response test (automated, neurodiagnostic and frequency-specific), audiometry, and imitanciometry over a period of 36 months since birth. The hearing assessment was performed independently of the presence of microcephaly or other apparent signs of congenital Zika syndrome. Results The hearing tests presented predominantly normal results. Some children had signs of middle ear pathology. The only microcephalic child had normal electrophysiological tests, as well as preserved audiometric thresholds, but presented altered motor responses to sound. Conclusion Prenatal exposure to Zika virus does not always determine hearing impairment. This risk seems to be more associated to the severity of the central nervous system damage. Hearing screening and follow-ups of the affected children are important, as well as further research in this area.