Integrating scientific guidance into marine spatial planning

Rassweiler, Andrew; Costello, Christopher; Hilborn, Ray; Siegel, David A.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2252

Cited by 53 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, a recent case study involving the placement of notake marine protected areas suggests that scenarios designed solely with stakeholder input will rarely approach optimal solutions (45). Rassweiler et al (45) propose that managers start with several optimal scenarios based on analysis of trade-off frontiers and then ask stakeholders to modify these.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedding ecosystem services in coastal planning leads to better outcomes for people and nature

Arkema

Verutes

Wood

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

353

250

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Recent calls for ocean planning envision informed management of social and ecological systems to sustain delivery of ecosystem services to people. However, until now, no coastal and marine planning process has applied an ecosystem-services framework to understand how human activities affect the flow of benefits, to create scenarios, and to design a management plan. We developed models that quantify services provided by corals, mangroves, and seagrasses. We used these models within an extensive engagement process to design a national spatial plan for Belize's coastal zone. Through iteration of modeling and stakeholder engagement, we developed a preferred plan, currently under formal consideration by the Belizean government. Our results suggest that the preferred plan will lead to greater returns from coastal protection and tourism than outcomes from scenarios oriented toward achieving either conservation or development goals. The plan will also reduce impacts to coastal habitat and increase revenues from lobster fishing relative to current management. By accounting for spatial variation in the impacts of coastal and ocean activities on benefits that ecosystems provide to people, our models allowed stakeholders and policymakers to refine zones of human use. The final version of the preferred plan improved expected coastal protection by >25% and more than doubled the revenue from fishing, compared with earlier versions based on stakeholder preferences alone. Including outcomes in terms of ecosystem-service supply and value allowed for explicit consideration of multiple benefits from oceans and coasts that typically are evaluated separately in management decisions.coastal and marine spatial planning | integrated coastal zone management | ecosystem services | Belize | InVEST

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedding ecosystem services in coastal planning leads to better outcomes for people and nature

Arkema

Verutes

Wood

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

353

250

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“…The benefits of marine reserves for conservation are increasingly well documented (Lester et al 2009). Furthermore, reserve design can strongly affect performance (Rassweiler et al 2012), and mathematical models (Smith & Wilen 2003, Gaylord et al 2005, Rassweiler et al 2014) are increasingly being used to guide design (White et al 2013). While a few models of reserve effects have incorporated trophic dynamics (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in attack behavior of an important kelp forest predator within marine reserves

Berriman¹,

Kay²,

Reed³

et al. 2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Marine reserves have become increasingly valuable tools with which to manage ecosystems. These reserves consistently restore populations of top predators, often reducing availability of their favored prey. We hypothesized that such prey reduction in reserves causes protected predators to alter their attack behavior to include less palatable prey, potentially amplifying top-down effects on community structure. To test this hypothesis, we presented the relatively unpalatable sea hare Aplysia californica to freely foraging spiny lobsters Panulirus interruptus in 4 marine no-take reserves, each paired with an adjacent fished area. We found that lobsters only attacked sea hares inside reserves, where lobster density was significantly greater than that of the adjacent fished areas. Attacks on otherwise unpalatable prey exclusively in no-take reserves was likely caused by increased hunger, since in the laboratory only food-deprived lobsters attacked sea hares. These findings are the first to suggest that management involving no-take reserves may have unintended consequences on community structure that result from behavioral changes in key predators in the face of increased competition for food. We suspect that these effects may become more widely detected as reserves across the globe grow older and are researched further.

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“…B 370: 20140278 [61], is a particularly effective way of understanding and predicting the qualitative dynamics of complex systems that transcend the boundaries and backgrounds of different stakeholder groups ( figure 3). This common understanding of connections and potential feedbacks and trade-offs can then act as a useful starting point for planning and discussions of options, which can be used directly to inform conservation management and improve the scientific content of outcome of stakeholder-driven processes [63]. This approach was applied for the Gulf of California Biosphere Reserve, where qualitative models were used to explore how the reserve functions, how it responds to perturbations and what combination of management options might achieve conservation objectives [49].…”

Section: Models and Their Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling marine protected areas: insights and hurdles

Fulton

Bax

Bustamante

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Models provide useful insights into conservation and resource management issues and solutions. Their use to date has highlighted conditions under which no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) may help us to achieve the goals of ecosystem-based management by reducing pressures, and where they might fail to achieve desired goals. For example, static reserve designs are unlikely to achieve desired objectives when applied to mobile species or when compromised by climate-related ecosystem restructuring and range shifts. Modelling tools allow planners to explore a range of options, such as basing MPAs on the presence of dynamic oceanic features, and to evaluate the potential future impacts of alternative interventions compared with ‘no-action’ counterfactuals, under a range of environmental and development scenarios. The modelling environment allows the analyst to test if indicators and management strategies are robust to uncertainties in how the ecosystem (and the broader human–ecosystem combination) operates, including the direct and indirect ecological effects of protection. Moreover, modelling results can be presented at multiple spatial and temporal scales, and relative to ecological, economic and social objectives. This helps to reveal potential ‘surprises', such as regime shifts, trophic cascades and bottlenecks in human responses. Using illustrative examples, this paper briefly covers the history of the use of simulation models for evaluating MPA options, and discusses their utility and limitations for informing protected area management in the marine realm.

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Integrating scientific guidance into marine spatial planning

Cited by 53 publications

References 27 publications

Embedding ecosystem services in coastal planning leads to better outcomes for people and nature

Embedding ecosystem services in coastal planning leads to better outcomes for people and nature

Shifts in attack behavior of an important kelp forest predator within marine reserves

Modelling marine protected areas: insights and hurdles

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