Integrating resistance and tolerance for improved evaluation of sorghum lines against Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot

Bandara, Y. M. A. Y.; Perumal, Ramasamy; Little, Christopher R.

doi:10.1007/s12600-014-0451-0

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Pots were kept in a greenhouse at 25-32°C with a 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod. Seedlings/plants were maintained according to the procedures explicated by Bandara et al (2015). A well characterized, highly virulent M. phaseolina isolate (acquired from the row crops pathology lab, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University) was used for inoculation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of host glutathione and glutathione related enzymes in Macrophomina phaseolina-sorghum bicolor interaction

Bandara

Weerasooriya

Liu

et al. 2019

Preprint

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19Glutathione and its related enzymes play an integral role in cellular detoxification processes and 20 redox buffering. A genome wide transcriptome profiling was conducted through RNA 21 sequencing to investigate the dynamics of glutathione and related enzymes in sorghum bicolor 22 (L.) Moench in response to Macrophomina phaseolina (MP) infection. Compared to mock 23 inoculated control treatment, MP significantly upregulated the glutathione synthetase, glutamate 24 cysteine ligase (involved in glutathione biosynthesis), glutathione s-transferase (GST), 25glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR) genes in a charcoal rot susceptible 26 sorghum genotype (Tx7000), but not in a resistant genotype (SC599) at 7 days post-inoculation. 27The net log2 fold up-regulation of the aforesaid genes in MP-inoculated Tx7000 was 1.9, 0.9, 28 120.0, 9.0, and 4.5, respectively. To confirm the gene expression data, cell extracts were 29 acquired from MP-and mock-inoculated resistant (SC599, SC35) and susceptible (Tx7000, 30 BTx3042) sorghum genotypes and their reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, GST, 31 GPX, and GR activities were measured using standard protocols. A significantly reduced 32 GSH/GSSG ratio was observed in Tx7000 and BTx3042 indicating the strong oxidative stress 33 experienced by charcoal rot susceptible genotypes under MP infection. MP significantly 34 increased the GST, GPX, and GR activities of Tx7000 and BTx3042. Although augmented GR 35 activity contributes to cellular GSH restoration, the enhanced GST activity leads to diminishing 36 GSH pools through vacuolar sequestration of GSH-S-conjugates. This eases the oxidative stress 37 confronted by susceptible genotypes under MP infection and in turn contributes to reduced 38 charcoal rot susceptibility. The importance of GSH in controlling the MP infection associated 39 3 oxidative stress was further supported by the significantly reduced disease severity observed in 40 Tx7000 and BTx3042 upon exogenous GSH application. 41 42 43 44 Glutathione, the tripeptide γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, plays a key role in detoxification and 45 redox buffering processes in the cell (Noctor and Foyer, 1998). It is the most abundant form of 46 organic sulphur in plants (Dixon et al., 1998). Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most vital 47 intracellular non-protein thiol compound and plays a major role in the protection of cell and 48 tissue structures from oxidative injury (Foyer and Noctor 2005; Foyer and Noctor 2009; Foyer 49 and Noctor 2011). Among others, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, plant polyphenols, and 50 carotenoids, GSH is a key non-enzymatic antioxidant (Shahidi and Zhong, 2010). These non-51 enzymatic antioxidants neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) through a process known as 52 radical scavenging (Nimse and Pal, 2015). Within cells, free glutathione is mainly present in its 53 reduced form (GSH), which could be rapidly oxidized to glutathione disulfide (GSSG) under 54 oxidative stress. Therefore, the GSH to GSSG ratio is an informative ind...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of host glutathione and glutathione related enzymes in Macrophomina phaseolina-sorghum bicolor interaction

Bandara

Weerasooriya

Liu

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At three weeks after emergence, each pot was thinned to a single vigorous seedling. Seedlings/plants husbandry was carried out according to the procedures described by Bandara et al ., (2015). For both experiments, plants were maintained under a 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod at 25-32°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The M. phaseolina isolate used for this study was obtained from the row crops pathology lab at the Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University and was previously characterized to be a highly virulent isolate. Inoculum was prepared following the protocol described by Bandara et al ., (2015). Briefly, M. phaseolina was grown on potato dextrose broth to obtain M. phaseolina mycelia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host lipid alterations afterMacrophomina phaseolinainfection contribute to charcoal rot disease susceptibility in grain sorghum: Evidence from transcriptomic and lipidomic data

et al. 2019

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25• Lipids are involved in central metabolic processes and confer basic configuration to 26 cellular and subcellular membranes. Lipids also play a role in determining the outcome of 27 plant-pathogen interactions. Lipid based links that delineate either host resistance or 28 susceptibility against necrotrophic microorganisms are poorly investigated and described. 29 Macrophomina phaseolina (MP) is an important necrotrophic fungus which causes 30 diseases in over 500 plant species including charcoal rot in sorghum. 31 32 • We used RNA sequencing and automated direct infusion electrospray ionization-triple 33 quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) to quantitatively profile the transcriptomes 34 and lipidomes of a known charcoal rot resistant (SC599) and susceptible (Tx7000) 35 sorghum genotype in response to MP inoculation. 36 37 • We found that MP is capable of significantly decreasing the phosphatidylserine, 38 phytosterol, and ox-lipid contents in the susceptible genotype while significantly 39 increasing its stigmasterol:sitosterol and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol: 40 digalactosyldiacylglycerol ratios. None of the above was significantly affected in the 41 resistant genotype, except for the significantly increased ox-lipid content. 42 43 • Our transcriptome and functional lipidome findings suggested the lethal impacts of MP 44 inoculation on plastid-and cell-membrane integrity and the lipid based signaling 45

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“…Although three seeds were planted pot −1 at the beginning of each experiment, each pot was thinned to one seedling at three weeks after emergence. Maintenance of seedlings and plants was performed according to the protocols described by Bandara et al (2015). Plants were maintained at 25 to 32°C under a 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A highly virulent M. phaseolina isolate obtained from the Row Crops Pathology Lab at the Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University was used for inoculation. Inoculum preparation was based upon the protocol published by Bandara et al (2015). Briefly, M. phaseolina was grown for 5 d on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 30°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina induces oxidative stress-associated genes and related biochemical responses in charcoal rot susceptible sorghum genotypes

Bandara

Weerasooriya

Liu

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Macrophomina phaseolina (MP) is a necrotrophic fungus that causes charcoal rot disease in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The host resistance and susceptibility mechanisms for this disease are poorly understood. Here, the transcriptional and biochemical aspects of the oxidative stress and antioxidant system of charcoal rot resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes in response to MP inoculation were investigated. RNA sequencing revealed 96 differentially expressed genes between resistant (SC599) and susceptible (Tx7000) genotypes that are related to the host oxidative stress and antioxidant system. Follow-up functional experiments demonstrated MP’s ability to significantly increase reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) content in the susceptible genotypes. This was confirmed by increased malondialdehyde content, an indicator of ROS/RNS-mediated lipid peroxidation. The presence of nitric oxide (NO) in stalk tissues of susceptible genotypes was confirmed using a NO-specific fluorescent probe (DAF-FM DA) and visualized by confocal microscopy. Inoculation significantly increased peroxidase activity in susceptible genotypes while catalase activity was significantly higher in MP-inoculated resistant genotypes. MP inoculation significantly reduced superoxide dismutase activity in all genotypes. These findings suggested MP’s ability to promote a host-derived oxidative stress response in susceptible sorghum genotypes, which contributes to induced cell death-associated disease susceptibility to this necrotrophic phytopathogen.

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Integrating resistance and tolerance for improved evaluation of sorghum lines against Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Dynamics of host glutathione and glutathione related enzymes in Macrophomina phaseolina-sorghum bicolor interaction

Dynamics of host glutathione and glutathione related enzymes in Macrophomina phaseolina-sorghum bicolor interaction

Host lipid alterations afterMacrophomina phaseolinainfection contribute to charcoal rot disease susceptibility in grain sorghum: Evidence from transcriptomic and lipidomic data

The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina induces oxidative stress-associated genes and related biochemical responses in charcoal rot susceptible sorghum genotypes

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