Integrating Optical and Wireless Techniques towards Novel Fronthaul and Access Architectures in a 5G NR Framework

Borges, Ramon Maia; Lopes, Celso Henrique de Souza; Lima, Eduardo Saia; Cunha, Matheus Sêda Borsato; Alexandre, Luciano Camilo; Silva, Luís Gustavo da; Pereira, Luiz Augusto Melo; Spadoti, Danilo H.; Romero, Murilo A.; Sodré, Arismar Cerqueira

doi:10.3390/app11115048

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Such generation enables an ecosystem of new valueadded applications, which started to be deployed mainly focusing on the enhanced mobile broadband, while other scenarios continue acquiring maturity. Remarkable 5G technical solutions include [1][2][3] : the definition of the 5G New Radio (5G NR) standard; the use of spectrum in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band; the employment of heterogeneous and centralized radio access network (C-RAN); the optical-wireless convergence. In parallel, the sixth-generation of mobile network (6G) has become a hot topic, planned to address possible unfulfilled promises from 5G, providing superior efficiency and satisfying future demands from 2030 and beyond.…”

Section: Integrated Optical Frequency Comb For 5g Nr Xhaulsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FSO links have been demonstrated in conjunction with RF links and combined with RoF, in which the benefit is enabling a dual link and/or last-mile applications when there are restrictions on fiber-optics link installation. The system flexibility is then increased, as a consequence of hybrid RoF/FSO approaches 3 . It is worth highlighting that RoF and FSO have been recognized as promising to deploy optical fronthauls, which is a link connecting the central office to the remote mm-waves radio units in the so-called "Xhaul" architecture 14,15 , as presented in Fig.…”

Section: Integrated Optical Frequency Comb For 5g Nr Xhaulsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Optical Frequency Comb for 5G NR Xhauls

Lima

Borges

Andriolli

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We experimentally demonstrate the use of optical frequency combs (OFC), generated by a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), in a flexible optical distribution network based on fiber-optics and free-space optics (FSO) links, aiming the fifth generation of mobile network (5G) Xhauls. The Indium Phosphide (InP) monolithically integrated OFC is based on cascaded optical modulators and is broadly tunable in terms of operating wavelength and frequency spacing. Particularly, our approach relies on applying the PIC in a centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture, with the purpose of optically generating two low-phase noise mm-waves signals for simultaneously enabling a 12.5-km of single-mode fiber (SMF) fronthaul and a 12.5-km SMF midhaul, followed by a 10-m long FSO fronthaul link. Moreover, the demonstrator contemplates two 10-m reach 5G wireless access networks operating in the 26 GHz band, i.e. over the frequency range 2 (FR2) from the 5G NR standard. The proposed integrated OFC-based 5G system performance is in accordance to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 15 requirements, achieving a total wireless throughput of 900 Mbit/s.

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Section: Integrated Optical Frequency Comb For 5g Nr Xhaulsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integrated Optical Frequency Comb For 5g Nr Xhaulsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Optical Frequency Comb for 5G NR Xhauls

Lima

Borges

Andriolli

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…When one hops away from the neighboring femtocell, all eNodeBs (eNB) is created first, and then the interference neighbor list is sent. ENB selects the most destructive cluster head to calculate the degree of interference near the jump [21]. The cluster head allocates a Pseudo random binary sequence (PRBs) in the next step to minimize the difference between the numbers of Pseudo random binary sequences (PRBs) needed and the number of PRBs allocated.…”

Section: Figure2 For 5g a Clustered Of Mm-wave Hetnet Network Archite...mentioning

confidence: 99%

MM-Wave HetNet in 5G and beyond Cellular Networks Reinforcement Learning Method to improve QoS and Exploiting Path Loss Model

Bashir

Ali²,

Almasi‐Hashiani³

et al. 2022

Research Journal Of Computer Science And Information Technology

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This paper presents High density heterogeneous networks (HetNet) which are the most promising technology for the fifth generation (5G) cellular network. Since 5G will be available for a long time, previous generation networking systems will need customization and updates. We examine the merits and drawbacks of legacy and Q-Learning (QL)-based adaptive resource allocation systems. Furthermore, various comparisons between methods and schemes are made for the purpose of evaluating the solutions for future generation. Microwave macro cells are used to enable extra high capacity such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), eNodeB (eNB), and Multimedia Communications Wireless technology (MC), in which they are most likely to be deployed. This paper also presents four scenarios for 5G mm-Wave implementation, including proposed system architectures. The WL algorithm allocates optimal power to the small cell base station (SBS) to satisfy the minimum necessary capacity of macro cell user equipment (MUEs) and small cell user equipment (SCUEs) in order to provide quality of service (QoS) (SUEs). The challenges with dense HetNet and the massive backhaul traffic they generate are discussed in this study. Finally, a core HetNet design based on clusters is aimed at reducing backhaul traffic. According to our findings, MM-wave HetNet and MEC can be useful in a wide range of applications, including ultra-high data rate and low latency communications in 5G and beyond. We also used the channel model simulator to examine the directional power delay profile with received signal power, path loss, and path loss exponent (PLE) for both LOS and NLOS using uniform linear array (ULA) 2X2 and 64x16 antenna configurations at 38 GHz and 73 GHz mmWave bands for both LOS and NLOS (NYUSIM). The simulation results show the performance of several path loss models in the mmWave and sub-6 GHz bands. The path loss in the close-in (CI) model at mmWave bands is higher than that of open space and two ray path loss models because it considers all shadowing and reflection effects between transmitter and receiver. We also compared the suggested method to existing models like Amiri, Su, Alsobhi, Iqbal, and greedy (non adaptive), and found that it not only enhanced MUE and SUE minimum capacities and reduced BT complexity, but it also established a new minimum QoS threshold. We also talked about 6G researches in the future. When compared to utilizing the dual slope route loss model alone in a hybrid heterogeneous network, our simulation findings show that decoupling is more visible when employing the dual slope path loss model, which enhances system performance in terms of coverage and data rate.

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“…Such generation enables an ecosystem of new value-added applications, which started to be deployed mainly focusing on the enhanced mobile broadband, while other scenarios continue acquiring maturity. Remarkable 5G technical solutions include 1 – 3 : the definition of the 5G New Radio (5G NR) standard; the use of spectrum in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band; the employment of heterogeneous and centralized radio access network (C-RAN); the optical-wireless convergence. In parallel, the sixth-generation of mobile network (6G) has become a hot topic, planned to address possible unfulfilled promises from 5G, providing superior efficiency and satisfying future demands from 2030 and beyond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FSO links have been demonstrated in conjunction with RF links and combined with RoF, in which the benefit is enabling a dual link and/or last-mile applications when there are restrictions on fiber-optics link installation. The system flexibility is then increased, as a consequence of hybrid RoF/FSO approaches 3 . It is worth highlighting that RoF and FSO have been recognized as promising to deploy optical fronthauls, which is a link connecting the central office to the remote mm-waves radio units in the so-called “Xhaul” architecture 14 , 15 , as presented in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical frequency comb for 5G NR Xhauls

Lima

Borges

Andriolli

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We experimentally demonstrate the use of optical frequency combs (OFCs), generated by a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), in a flexible optical distribution network based on fiber-optics and free-space optics (FSOs) links, aimed at the fifth generation of mobile network (5G) Xhauls. The Indium Phosphide (InP) monolithically integrated OFC is based on cascaded optical modulators and is broadly tunable in terms of operating wavelength and frequency spacing. Particularly, our approach relies on applying the PIC in a centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture, with the purpose of optically generating two low-phase noise mm-waves signals for simultaneously enabling a 12.5-km of single-mode fiber (SMF) fronthaul and a 12.5-km SMF midhaul, followed by a 10-m long FSO fronthaul link. Moreover, the demonstrator contemplates two 10-m reach 5G wireless access networks operating in the 26 GHz band, i.e. over the frequency range 2 (FR2) from the 5G NR standard. The proposed integrated OFC-based 5G system performance is in accordance to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 15 requirements, achieving a total wireless throughput of 900 Mbit/s.

show abstract

Integrating Optical and Wireless Techniques towards Novel Fronthaul and Access Architectures in a 5G NR Framework

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Integrated Optical Frequency Comb for 5G NR Xhauls

Integrated Optical Frequency Comb for 5G NR Xhauls

MM-Wave HetNet in 5G and beyond Cellular Networks Reinforcement Learning Method to improve QoS and Exploiting Path Loss Model

Integrated optical frequency comb for 5G NR Xhauls

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