Integrated optical frequency comb for 5G NR Xhauls

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the use of optical frequency combs (OFCs), generated by a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), in a flexible optical distribution network based on fiber-optics and free-space optics (FSOs) links, aimed at the fifth generation of mobile network (5G) Xhauls. The Indium Phosphide (InP) monolithically integrated OFC is based on cascaded optical modulators and is broadly tunable in terms of operating wavelength and frequency spacing. Particularly, our approach relies on applying the PIC in a centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture, with the purpose of optically generating two low-phase noise mm-waves signals for simultaneously enabling a 12.5-km of single-mode fiber (SMF) fronthaul and a 12.5-km SMF midhaul, followed by a 10-m long FSO fronthaul link. Moreover, the demonstrator contemplates two 10-m reach 5G wireless access networks operating in the 26 GHz band, i.e. over the frequency range 2 (FR2) from the 5G NR standard. The proposed integrated OFC-based 5G system performance is in accordance to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 15 requirements, achieving a total wireless throughput of 900 Mbit/s.

Exploring Trends and Opportunities in Quantum‐Enhanced Advanced Photonic Illumination Technologies

“…The results show achieving a wireless throughput of 900 Mbit s −1 . [40] An experimental demonstration of the first silicon chip-to-chip high-dimensional decoy-state QKD using silicon photonic integrated light-wave circuits, space division multiplexing in multicore fiber with higher secret key rates, better noise immunity, and higher information efficiency enables longer transmission distances. [41] Meiru Huo et al show that an optical coherent state can be deterministically teleported over fiber channels by distributing two submodes of an entangled state over a 3.0 km long fiber and a 6.0 km long fiber channel, respectively.…”

“…Figure 5c illustrates for reference that the starred element in each experiment is the most complex and rare, with boundary lines indicating two standard deviations. [40] Copyright 2022, Scientific Reports; b) Silicon photonic chip for highdimensional quantum key distribution. Adapted and reprinted and permission from, [41] Copyright 2017, Quantum Information; c) Silicon chip-to-chip quantum teleportation experiment, [43] Copyright 2016, Optica.…”

“…The results show achieving a wireless throughput of 900 Mbit s −1 . [ 40 ] An experimental demonstration of the first silicon chip‐to‐chip high‐dimensional decoy‐state QKD using silicon photonic integrated light‐wave circuits, space division multiplexing in multicore fiber with higher secret key rates, better noise immunity, and higher information efficiency enables longer transmission distances. [ 41 ]…”

“…a) Photonic integrated circuit generating optical frequency combs for 5G networks. Adapted and reprinted and permission from, [ 40 ] Copyright 2022, Scientific Reports; b) Silicon photonic chip for high‐dimensional quantum key distribution. Adapted and reprinted and permission from, [ 41 ] Copyright 2017, Quantum Information; c) Silicon chip‐to‐chip quantum teleportation experiment, [ 43 ] Copyright 2016, Optica.…”

Beyond 5G Fronthaul Based on FSO Using Spread Spectrum Codes and Graphene Modulators

“…An optical frequency comb for the generation and distribution of low-phase noise signals in 5G fronthaul was used in Ref. [96], but with the main focus on optical distribution networks based on fibers. A recent and comprehensive review of a potential convergence of wireless and optical solutions toward 6G networks was given by Ref.…”