Integrating Environmental Impacts as Another Measure of Earthquake Performance for Tall Buildings in High Seismic Zones

Simonen, Kathrina; Merrifield, S.; Almufti, Ibrahim; Strobel, K.; Tipler, Jenni

doi:10.1061/9780784479117.080

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The EIO approach (examples found in [17,19]) requires the disaggregation of each repair activity into a list of processes to be assigned to specific industry sectors, whose costs are translated into environmental impacts via specific EIO tools, in which impacts per dollar of expense in different sectors are available, e.g., the U.S. EIO-LCA [32]. The second approach (examples found in [1,16]) combines custom damage and repair descriptions with proper BOM LCA or (e)CO 2 factors.…”

Section: Damage-to-impact Conversion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Life Cycle Framework for the Identification of Optimal Building Renovation Strategies Considering Economic and Environmental Impacts

et al. 2020

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It is well-known that the existing building stock is responsible for non-renewable resource depletion, energy and material consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Life cycle analysis (LCA) procedures have thus been developed, in recent years, to assess the environmental impact of construction and operational phases through the entire building life cycle. Furthermore, the economic, environmental, and social consequences of recent natural disasters have encouraged the additional integration of hazard-induced impacts into common LCA procedures for buildings. Buildings are however expected to provide the population with safe living and working conditions, even when hit by different types of hazards during their service life, such as earthquakes. Hence, next-generation LCA procedures should include not only hazard-induced impacts, but also the contribution of potential retrofitting strategies that may alter the structural and energy performances of buildings throughout their remaining service life. This study presents a life cycle framework that accounts for the contributions of initial construction, operational energy consumption, earthquake-induced damage repair activities, potential retrofitting interventions, and demolition (considering also its associated potential material recycling), in terms of both monetary costs and environmental impacts. The proposed methodology can be used to undertake cost-benefit analyses aimed at identifying building renovation strategies that lead to an optimal balance, considering both economic and environmental impacts, between reduction of seismic vulnerability and increase of energy efficiency of a building, depending on the climatic conditions and the seismic hazard at the site of interest.

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Section: Damage-to-impact Conversion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Life Cycle Framework for the Identification of Optimal Building Renovation Strategies Considering Economic and Environmental Impacts

et al. 2020

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“…The inflation factor was applied herein as well, for the same reasons already discussed above regarding the initial construction of the building. Examples found in Simonen et al (2015) and ATC (2018d) were taken as references for those calculations and to define the percentage distribution of cost allocations for the different components. For instance, for exterior masonry infills with windows, the following percentage distribution of costs was assumed for the DS at collapse: 4% adhesive, 10% clay product, 2% cleaning, 2% coating, 2% electrical, 3% glass, 10% piping, 5% plywood, 5% stucco and 3% windows.…”

Section: Environmental Loss Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated economic and environmental building classification and optimal seismic vulnerability/energy efficiency retrofitting

Caruso

Pinho

Bianchi

et al. 2021

Bull Earthquake Eng

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A life cycle framework for a new integrated classification system for buildings and the identification of renovation strategies that lead to an optimal balance between reduction of seismic vulnerability and increase of energy efficiency, considering both economic losses and environmental impacts, is discussed through a parametric application to an exemplificative case-study building. Such framework accounts for the economic and environmental contributions of initial construction, operational energy consumption, earthquake-induced damage repair activities, retrofitting interventions, and demolition. One-off and annual monetary expenses and environmental impacts through the building life cycle are suggested as meaningful performance metrics to develop an integrated classification system for buildings and to identify the optimal renovation strategy leading to a combined reduction of economic and environmental impacts, depending on the climatic conditions and the seismic hazard at the site of interest. The illustrative application of the framework to an existing school building is then carried out, investigating alternative retrofitting solutions, including either sole structural retrofitting options or sole energy refurbishments, as well as integrated strategies that target both objectives, with a view to demonstrate its practicality and to explore its ensuing results. The influence of seismic hazard and climatic conditions is quantitatively investigated, by assuming the building to be located into different geographic locations.

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“…These use HAZUS and/or PACT tools to calculate earthquakeinduced losses probabilistically, considering uncertainties associated with seismic events, relate damage probabilities [34,35] and relevant repair costs that can be adopted to calculate environmental impacts [36]. This adoption has been conducted through three different pathways [33], namely, repair cost ratio (ratio between repair cost and replacement cost of a building) [37][38][39][40], EIO-LCA (economic input-output life cycle assessment) [41,42], and LCA according to repair description [5,31,32,36,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. In recent years, the integration methods and standards have increased substantially; however, no consensus has been created on the best-integrated approach [33].…”

Section: State Of the Art Of The Life Cycle Environmental Impact Assessment Of Vulnerable Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Method to Evaluate Sustainability for Vulnerable Buildings Addressing Life Cycle Embodied Impacts and Resource Use

2021

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The vulnerability of buildings faces further scrutiny as gaps in design, construction, operation, and maintenance remain. Although there has been noticeable progress in the field, the frequency and magnitude of building damage during natural events highlight the fact that sustainable infrastructure has not yet reached all targets. In this study, sustainability aspects of vulnerable buildings are revisited to propose more robust measures to prevent damage and a lack of functionality. Those measured are underpinned by the merging of environmental and structural sustainability for one novel integrated approach. The method devises structural intervention scenarios based on damage levels and service period. It also aims at reducing resource use and embodied impacts through the discretization of standard life cycle analysis into customized stages. The integrated method to evaluate sustainability is tested on two vulnerable buildings in Turkey and Mexico, built with different codes of practice and having experienced low to medium damage during severe earthquake events. Research findings indicate that although embodied impacts form a minor part of the building life cycle environmental impacts, sustainable structural interventions can further reduce both embodied impacts and demands on natural resources. Hence strengthening vulnerable buildings can provide an advantage to help the sustainable transformation of cities.

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Integrating Environmental Impacts as Another Measure of Earthquake Performance for Tall Buildings in High Seismic Zones

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

A Life Cycle Framework for the Identification of Optimal Building Renovation Strategies Considering Economic and Environmental Impacts

A Life Cycle Framework for the Identification of Optimal Building Renovation Strategies Considering Economic and Environmental Impacts

Integrated economic and environmental building classification and optimal seismic vulnerability/energy efficiency retrofitting

An Integrated Method to Evaluate Sustainability for Vulnerable Buildings Addressing Life Cycle Embodied Impacts and Resource Use

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