Integrating Dynamic Data and Sensors With Semantic 3d City Models
In the Context of Smart Cities

Chaturvedi, Kanishk; Kolbe, Thomas H.

doi:10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w1-31-2016

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…11 Conceptual representation of Dynamizers allowing (1) enhancing the properties of city objects by overriding their static values, and (2) the representation of time-variant values from sensors, simulation specific databases, and external files. Image taken from Chaturvedi and Kolbe (2016)…”

Section: Representation Of Time-dependent Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CityGML 3.0: New Functions Open Up New Applications

Kutzner

Chaturvedi

Kolbe

2020

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128

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The development of the next major version 3.0 of the international OGC standard CityGML is nearing its end. CityGML 3.0 will come up with a variety of new features and revisions of existing modules that will increase the usability of CityGML for more user groups and areas of application. This includes a new space concept, a revised level-of-detail (LOD) concept, the representation of time-dependent properties, the possibility to manage multiple versions of cities, the representation of city objects by point clouds, an improved modelling of constructions, the representation of building units and storeys, an improved representation of traffic infrastructure as well as a clear separation of the conceptual model and the data encodings that allow for providing further encoding specifications besides GML. This paper gives an overview of these new and revised concepts, and illustrates their application through selected use cases. KeywordsCityGML 3.0 · 3D city models · Space concept Zusammenfassung CityGML 3.0: Neue Funktionen eröffnen neue Anwendungen. Die Entwicklung der nächsten Hauptversion 3.0 des internationalen OGC-Standards CityGML nähert sich dem Ende. CityGML 3.0 wird mit einer Vielzahl an neuen Funktionen und der Überarbeitung bestehender Module aufwarten, die die Benutzerfreundlichkeit von CityGML für weitere Benutzergruppen und Anwendungsbereiche verbessern. Dazu gehören ein neues Space-Konzept, ein überarbeitetes Level-of-Detail (LOD)-Konzept, die Darstellung von zeitabhängigen Eigenschaften, die Möglichkeit, mehrere Versionen von Stadtmodellen gleichzeitig zu verwalten, die Darstellung von Stadtobjekten durch Punktwolken, eine verbesserte Modellierung von sonstigen Bauwerken, die Darstellung von Gebäudeeinheiten und Etagen, eine verbesserte Darstellung der Verkehrsinfrastruktur sowie eine klare Trennung des konzeptuellen Modells von der Datenhaltung, die es erlaubt, neben GML weitere Datenformate bereitzustellen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die neuen und überarbeiteten Konzepte und veranschaulicht ihre Anwendung anhand ausgewählter Beispiele.

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Section: Representation Of Time-dependent Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CityGML 3.0: New Functions Open Up New Applications

Kutzner

Chaturvedi

Kolbe

2020

PFG

128

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“…Although both studies successfully demonstrate coupling of real-time observations with city objects using open and interoperable standards, the main focus is on visualization of time-dependent properties. Another concept called CityGML Dynamizers (Chaturvedi, Kolbe, 2016) not only allows establishing explicit links between sensor data and the respective city object attribute, but also allows overriding those static attributes by dynamic sensor observations. For example, if a building has a Smart Meter installed for measuring real-time gas consumption and the Smart Meter readings are accessible via standardized web services (such as OGC SOS or SensorThings API), the Dynamizer can be defined for the specific building or room having explicit links to the sensor based services, and the respective gas consumption attribute of the building can be overridden by the real-time sensor observations.…”

Section: Direct Links To Sensor and Iot Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Requirement Analysis on Extending Semantic 3d City Models for Supporting Time-Dependent Properties

Chaturvedi

Kolbe

2019

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. Semantic 3D City Models are used worldwide for different application domains ranging from Smart Cities, Simulations, Planning to History and Archeology. Well-defined data models like CityGML, IFC and INSPIRE Data Themes allow describing spatial, graphical and semantic information of physical objects. However, cities and their properties are not static and change with respect to time. Hence, it is important that such semantic data models handle different types of changes that take place in cities and their attributes over time. This paper provides a systematic analysis and recommendations for extensions of Semantic 3D City Models in order to support time-dependent properties. This paper reviews different application domains in order to identify key requirements for temporal and dynamic extensions and proposes ways to incorporate these extensions. Over the last couple of years, different extensions have been proposed for these standards to deal with temporal attributes. This paper also presents an analysis to which degree these extensions cover the requirements for dynamic city models.

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“…The dynamizer [30] and versioning modules [31] can be incorporated into the CityGML3.0 as new features. However, as mentioned earlier, these modules are unable to describe characteristics such as stage, hierarchy, and correlative that existed during the evolution of buildings.…”

Section: B) Making City Objects Truly Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is a combination with a specific mechanism, such as a noise model [21,22], energy model [23][24][25][26][27], flood model [28], and others. With the second, CityGML is extended into a basic platform that facilitates dynamic changes to support multiple mechanism models [29,30]. For example, Chaturvedi and Kolbe [30] proposed a module named "Dynamizer" that uses time series data to represent the amount of change in related properties in CityObjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the second, CityGML is extended into a basic platform that facilitates dynamic changes to support multiple mechanism models [29,30]. For example, Chaturvedi and Kolbe [30] proposed a module named "Dynamizer" that uses time series data to represent the amount of change in related properties in CityObjects. The data source of the time series data can be sensor observations, pre-recorded load profiles, or the results of simulation runs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a CityGML Application Domain Extension for Simulating the Building Construction Process

Zhang

Liu

Lin

et al. 2019

IJGI

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Virtual 3D city models can be stored and exchanged in the CityGML open data model. When dynamic phenomena in 3D cities are represented with a CityGML application domain extension (ADE), the objects in CityGML are often used as static background, and it is difficult to represent the evolutionary process of the objects themselves. Although a construction process model in building information modeling (BIM) is available, it cannot efficiently and accurately simulate the building construction process at the city level. Accordingly, employing the arrow diagramming method, we developed a CityGML ADE to represent this process. We extended the hierarchy of the model and proposed the process levels of detail model. Subsequently, we explored a mechanism to associate the construction process and building objects as well as the mechanism to automate construction process transitions. Experiments indicated that the building construction process ADE (BCPADE) could adequately express the characteristics of this process. Compared with the building construction process model in the architecture, engineering, and construction field, BCPADE removes redundant information, i.e., that unrelated to a 3D city. It can adequately express building construction processes at multiple spatiotemporal scales and accurately convey building object behavior during building evolution, such as adding, removal, merging, and change. Such characteristics enable BCPADE to render efficient and accurate simulations of the building construction process at the city level.

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Integrating Dynamic Data and Sensors With Semantic 3d City Models In the Context of Smart Cities

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

CityGML 3.0: New Functions Open Up New Applications

CityGML 3.0: New Functions Open Up New Applications

A Requirement Analysis on Extending Semantic 3d City Models for Supporting Time-Dependent Properties

Development of a CityGML Application Domain Extension for Simulating the Building Construction Process

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