Integrated waveguide micro-optic elements for 3D routing in board-level optical interconnects

Tolerance Analysis for Multilayer Optical Interconnections Integrated on a Printed Circuit Board

“…In addition, the routing of the optical signals can be simplified, making full use of the 2-D characteristics of 2-D optoelectronic elements such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser and photodetector arrays. It is believed that two optical layers will be sufficient in fulfilling the upcoming demands concerning bandwidth and transfer speed [6]. It should however be noted that the complexity of the structure increases with each additional optical layer.…”

“…The interest in multilayer optical structures [6], [7], which consist of a stack of optical layers, is growing, in view of its ability to increase the integration density. In addition, the routing of the optical signals can be simplified, making full use of the 2-D characteristics of 2-D optoelectronic elements such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser and photodetector arrays.…”

Thin‐Film Molecular Nanophotonics

“…Since optical interconnects are promising to overcome these bottlenecks [65,66], comprehensive accomplishments to implement optics into computers have been done [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. Figure 8.41 shows a concept of the 3D integrated optical interconnects within computers, which we expect to be the final goal of optical interconnects [12,52,[75][76][77][78].…”

Laser Ablated Micromirrors for Printed Circuit Board Integrated Optical Interconnections

“…Different technologies can be used for the structuring of the waveguides, such as photolithography [2], embossing [3], laser direct writing [4], and laser ablation [5]. Coupling structures are used to deflect the light beam over 90 to couple light towards/from optoelectronic elements, such as photodiodes and VCSELs.…”