Integrated techno-economic assessment of Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) under off-design conditions: Links between provision of market services and thermodynamic performance

Vecchi, Andrea; Li, Yongliang; Mancarella, Pierluigi; Sciacovelli, Adriano

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114589

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the available literature, it is possible to find systems based on the Claude cycle (or the modified Claude cycle) with lower efficiency than the system presented in this article: [31]-48%, [29]-40%. Systems based on the modified Claude cycle with comparable efficiency to case III of this article can also be found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The comparison of the results with other adiabatic LAES systems is shown in Table 9. The specific work of liquefaction for these papers are: [31]-972 to 1019 kJ/kg LA (from 0.270 to 0.283 kWh/kgLA), [39]-714.73 kJ/kgLA (0.199 kWh/kgLA) for system with a cold storage with a liquid medium and 641.46 kJ/kgLA (0.178 kWh/kgLA) for system with packed bed cold storage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The available literature contains articles on the exergy analysis of LAES but based on a liquefaction cycle using an expander (Claude cycle) [29][30][31][32]. In this article, the authors will focus on multivariant exergy analysis of the A-LAES system based on the Linde-Hampson cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exergy Analysis of Adiabatic Liquid Air Energy Storage (A-LAES) System Based on Linde–Hampson Cycle

2021

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Efficiently storing energy on a large scale poses a major challenge and one that is growing in importance with the increasing share of renewables in the energy mix. The only options at present are either pumped hydro or compressed air storage. One novel alternative is to store energy using liquid air, but this technology is not yet fully mature and requires substantial research and development, including in-depth energy and exergy analysis. This paper presents an exergy analysis of the Adiabatic Liquid Air Energy Storage (A-LAES) system based on the Linde–Hampson cycle. The exergy analysis was carried out for four cases with different parameters, in particular the discharge pressure of the air at the inlet of the turbine (20, 40, 100, 150 bar). The results of the analysis show that the greatest exergy destruction can be observed in the air evaporator and in the Joule–Thompson valve. In the case of air evaporator, the destruction of exergy is greatest for the lowest discharge pressure, i.e., 20 bar, and reaches over 118 MWh/cycle. It decreases with increasing discharge pressure, down to approximately 24 MWh/cycle for 150 bar, which is caused by a decrease in the heat of vaporization of air. In the case of Joule–Thompson valve, the changes are reversed. The highest destruction of exergy is observed for the highest considered discharge pressure (150 bar) and amounts to over 183 MWh/cycle. It decreases as pressure is lowered to 57.5 MWh/cycle for 20 bar. The other components of the system do not show exergy destruction greater than approximately 50 MWh/cycle for all considered pressures. Specific liquefaction work of the system ranged from 0.189 kWh/kgLA to 0.295 kWh/kgLA and the efficiency from 44.61% to 55.18%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exergy Analysis of Adiabatic Liquid Air Energy Storage (A-LAES) System Based on Linde–Hampson Cycle

2021

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“…The model comprises energy, mass and momentum conservation for each component, alongside off-design characteristic equations for turbines, heat exchangers and cryogenic pumps. It is presented in detail as part of a further paper [25], and here it was used to correlate LAES thermodynamic performance to the generation level (i.e. the delivered power output, relative to plant rated value), as presented in Figure 4.…”

Section: Laes Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…generation level below 100%). This consists in controlling turbine inlet pressure by means of throttle valves, in order to maintain it at rated values and limit off-design inefficiencies, as explained in [25]. Even implementing such regulation strategy, the impact of off-design conditions can be partially mitigated, but not fully avoided (see Figure 4).…”

Section: Laes Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-mode operation of a Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) plant providing energy arbitrage and reserve services – Analysis of optimal scheduling and sizing through MILP modelling with integrated thermodynamic performance

Vecchi

Naughton

et al. 2020

Energy

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Design and optimization of a novel wind‐powered liquefied air energy storage system integrated with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle

et al. 2021

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In this paper, a novel liquefied air energy storage (LAES) system driven by wind energy and natural gas, integrated with a two‐stage supercritical carbon dioxide cycle is proposed and investigated. Three different sensible thermal energy storage (TES) systems are considered in this study to store the heat produced in the compressions stage and use it later to improve the performance. The proposed system is analyzed in terms of energy, exergy, exergo‐economic, and environmental impacts. A detailed economical and technical investigation is carried out to determine system hotspots, exergy destruction rates, and the performance of the system and subsystems. Finally, by considering ten design variables, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II) is employed to evaluate the optimal design solutions for double objective functions, including cost per unit of exergy and overall system exergy efficiency. Results indicate that for a 50 MW of discharging power, 80.75 MW of charging electricity and 1.22 kg/s of fuel are required. Additionally, the product cost per unit of exergy and the levelized costs are calculated as 32.02 $/GJ and 0.133 $/kWh, respectively. The results of the optimization study also show that for the optimal Pareto solution, the energy efficiency would be 52.2% while the exergy efficiency is 45.26%.

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Integrated techno-economic assessment of Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) under off-design conditions: Links between provision of market services and thermodynamic performance

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

Exergy Analysis of Adiabatic Liquid Air Energy Storage (A-LAES) System Based on Linde–Hampson Cycle

Exergy Analysis of Adiabatic Liquid Air Energy Storage (A-LAES) System Based on Linde–Hampson Cycle

Multi-mode operation of a Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) plant providing energy arbitrage and reserve services – Analysis of optimal scheduling and sizing through MILP modelling with integrated thermodynamic performance

Design and optimization of a novel wind‐powered liquefied air energy storage system integrated with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle

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