Integrated regulation of nonpoint pollution: Combining managerial controls and economic instruments under multiple environmental targets

Abstract

Further information on publisher's website:http://www.dur.ac.uk/business/faculty/working-papers/ Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Regulators are often reluctant to rely solely on economic incentives to achieve 6 environmental standards. We evaluate a "mixed approach" of economic instruments and 7 management standards when two environmental objectives need to be met simultaneously: 8 minimum river flow rates and reductions in nitrate pollution. We show how the relative 9 efficiency of such mixed approaches can depend on exogenous factors, in this case weather 10 conditions. Results indicate that mixed instruments outperform stand-alone economic 11 incentives or managerial controls under wet weather conditions, but not in 'average' years. 12

Waste from livestock and poultry breeding and its potential assessment of biogas energy in rural China

“…There is an increasing progress of researches on air or water pollution, deforestation, diversity and indicators of environmental amenities up until for some recent findings around the world (e. g. Kaika and Zervas, 2013;Katz, 2015;Wang et al, 2015Wang et al, , 2016a, also in China (e. g. Xu and Lin, 2015;Yao et al, 2016;Hao and Liu, 2016;Wang et al, 2016b). However, researches on the relationship between agriculture-related pollution and economic growth are relatively scanty (Shortle and Abler, 2001;Aftab et al, 2010), few of which were related to Environmental Kuznets Curve. To our knowledge, few other prior studies have tested the EKC in the case of these environmental issues arising from livestock and poultry breeding.…”

Estimating the Marginal Social Value of Agriculturally Driven Nitrate Concentrations in an Aquifer: A Combined Theoretical-Applied Approach

“…2 Farm groups are assumed to represent the agricultural sector at the regional level given and the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) is the basis for calibration. In comparison to many bioeconomic models, the fact that we use a FADN sample of farms clustered into farm groups makes it possible to avoid problems of data confidentiality and account for farm heterogeneity (e.g., Aftab et al (2010Aftab et al ( , 2007 Jayet, 2000). The AROPAj calibration process keeps the production set large, so AROPAj findings allow land allocation among crops, as is seen, for instance, in cases of change in CAP and in price or tax (Jayet and Petsakos, 2013).…”

“…More recently, significant advances have been made by applying this kind of model to problems arising in cases of non-point source pollution. However, most of these studies focus on salinity and river pollution rather than on aquifer pollution (Connor, 2008;Aftab et al, 2010Aftab et al, , 2007. In order to better understand the impact of policies dealing with water pollution, hydro-economic modeling integrates three components: hydrological, economic and agronomic.…”

“…To focus on different scenarios and compare their cost-effectiveness, these studies have relied on different methodologies. They may refer to (i) a percentage of emission abatement reached before a given date (Dellink et al, 2011;Brouwer et al, 2008), (ii) a mixed approach including conversion of intensive arable land into extensive grassland and livestock reduction (Volk et al, 2008) with input tax and set-aside management (Aftab et al, 2010), and (iii) broader approaches based on applied general equilibrium modelling including emission permit markets (Dellink et al, 2011;Brouwer et al, 2008), or (iv) the "Bayesian belief network" approach (Barton et al, 2008).…”

The use of economic instruments in environmental policies to mitigate diffuse pollution from agriculture

“…EIs cannot be the panacea to the DPA (due to the diffuse nature of the pollution). Aftab et al (2010) also suggested a mixed approach of economic incentives and management standards. Therefore, it is recommended that in designing a policy to solve the DPA, all the three major PIs need to be combined.…”