Integrated Production of Biodiesel and Concentration of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Glycerides Through Effective Enzymatic Catalysis

Abstract

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) contained in glycerides have been reported to be more advantageous for their intake than their counterpart in the form of free fatty acid or fatty acid esters. This work attempts to achieve the flexible concentration of DHA and EPA in glycerides as well as biodiesel production via a two-step process catalyzed by lipases. In the first step, several commercial lipases were investigated and Novozym ET2.0 demonstrated the highest potential in selective concentration of DHA and EPA. Over 85% of EPA and other fatty acids were converted to its corresponding FAEEs (fatty acid ethyl esters), while over 80% of DHA remained in glycerides under the optimized conditions. After the first step ethanolysis, the oil phase was subject to molecular distillation and a 97.5% biodiesel (FAEE) content could be obtained. Further flexible enrichment of DHA and EPA in glycerides was realized by immobilized lipase Novozym 435-mediated transesterification of glycerides (remaining in the heavy phase after molecular distillation) with DHA-or EPA-rich EE, and glycerides with 67.1% DHA and 13.1% EPA, or glycerides with 41.1% EPA and 38.0% DHA could be obtained flexibly. This work demonstrated an effective approach for DHA and EPA enrichment combined with biodiesel production through enzymatic catalysis.

Incorporation of Caprylic Acid into a Docosahexaenoic Acid Single Cell Oil for the Production of Specialty Lipids

“…Ma et al ( 42 ) were able to achieve flexible concentrations of DHA and EPA in glycerides simultaneously with biodiesel production via a two-step process catalyzed by lipases. In the first step, Novozym ET2.0 acted selectively for the concentration of DHA and EPA via ethanolysis of fish oil.…”

Enzymatic enrichment of acylglycerols rich in n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by selective methanolysis: Optimization and kinetic studies

“…Enzymatic catalysis is one of the methods for producing n − 3 PUFA concentrates from fish oil, which has the advantages of high specificity, mild reaction conditions, environmental friendliness, high yield, and easy scale-up (Pawelczyk et al, 2016). In fact, lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis has been extensively used in the production of the concentrates (Ma et al, 2019;Valverde et al, 2013Valverde et al, , 2014. The alcoholysis could produce acylglycerols rich in n − 3 PUFA (Ma et al, 2019;Valverde et al, 2013).…”

“…In fact, lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis has been extensively used in the production of the concentrates (Ma et al, 2019;Valverde et al, 2013Valverde et al, , 2014. The alcoholysis could produce acylglycerols rich in n − 3 PUFA (Ma et al, 2019;Valverde et al, 2013). For example, due to the fatty acid selectivity of Candida antarctica lipase A (CAL-A), it was shown that CAL-A-catalyzed methanolysis of algal oil could increase the n − 3 PUFA content up to 1.6 times under optimal conditions (Jiang et al, 2022).…”

Comparative Glucose and Xylose Coutilization Efficiencies of Soil-Isolated Yeast Strains Identify Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis as a Potential Producer of Lipid

“… 5 , 6 At present, biodiesel is mainly produced from vegetable oils, which obviously cannot meet the needs of large-scale biodiesel production. 7 , 8 Compared with vegetable oils, the production cycle of microbial oil is shorter, and its production is independent of climate/weather. 9 , 10 In recent years, many microorganisms have been engineered as lipid cell factories.…”

“…Overconsumption of fossil fuels has caused many serious problems including energy crisis, greenhouse effects, toxic gas emission, and pollution. − In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to find alternatives to fossil fuels . Biodiesel, as an alternative to fossil fuels, has a lot of environmental advantages over other alternatives. , At present, biodiesel is mainly produced from vegetable oils, which obviously cannot meet the needs of large-scale biodiesel production. , Compared with vegetable oils, the production cycle of microbial oil is shorter, and its production is independent of climate/weather. , In recent years, many microorganisms have been engineered as lipid cell factories. , Oleaginous yeasts are among the most promising microorganisms because of their fast growth and efficient accumulation of lipids (up to 70% of dry cell weight). , …”