Integrated processing of thermoplastic composites

Bourban, P.-E.; Bögli, Alfred; Bonjour, F.; Månson, J.-Å. E.

doi:10.1016/s0266-3538(97)00135-8

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Bourban et al. 16 presented the concept of integrated processing (Figure 17(a)) of ROF-hybrids (Figure 17(b)) of CF and Glass Mat Thermoplastic (GMT) through a sequential process. Luo et al.…”

Section: Hybrid Fibre Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Design and intrinsic stiffness of polymer composites for different processing techniques; 16 (b) schematic illustration of an example hybrid part. 16 …”

Section: Hybrid Fibre Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bourban et al 16 presented the concept of integrated processing ( Figure 17(a)) of ROF-hybrids (Figure 17(b)) of CF and Glass Mat Thermoplastic (GMT) through a sequential process. Luo et al 88 derived a relationship between the compression pressure and V f of a multimat, which consisted of a layer of glass weft knit fabric sandwiched between two layers of random glass mat ( Figure 18(a)).…”

Section: Processing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Despite attractive benefits, ROS composites possess low mechanical strength, demonstrate high variability and notch insensitive behaviours that inhibit their extensive use in load-bearing aerospace parts. Thus, a trade-off solution, as suggested by various authors, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] is to use a 'hybrid fibre architecture' that integrates the formability of ROS and performance of continuous fibres. In the literature on hybridisation, most researchers typically have considered a high-elongation/lowstrength material with low-elongation/high-strength material at the inter-ply and intra-ply levels to improve the ductility response of the low elongation material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical characterisation and modelling of randomly oriented strand architecture and their hybrids – A general review

Visweswaraiah

Selezneva

Lessard

et al. 2018

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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A comprehensive review of the mechanical characterisation and modelling of randomly oriented strand material architecture and their hybrids with laminates is presented. Randomly oriented strand composites are long discontinuous fibre systems that exhibit excellent formability characteristics and stiffness properties comparable to quasi-isotropic laminates, allowing their use in the manufacture of intricate geometric parts for automotive and aerospace industries. Randomly oriented strand architecture complements out-of-autoclave methods such as compression moulding, thermostamping and resin-transfer moulding leading to cost-reduction. Their applicability is limited to non-structural and low-load bearing applications due to their low strength properties. Continuous fibre aerospace preforms exhibiting excellent mechanical performance possess low formability characteristics and are confined to simple shell-like geometries with minimal curvatures, while incurring high-costs and long manufacturing times. Hybridisation of randomly oriented strand and with other material architectures represents trade-off solutions of formability and performance characteristics often yielding synergistic effects. Seemingly simple, randomly oriented strand architecture is a complex material system that poses several structural and process challenges. This work categorises the pertinent research work from the literature on the mechanical characterisation into the framework of a formal characterisation environment of composite structures that includes the coupon, the part and structural levels. The manufacturing, dispersion methods and measurement techniques are qualitatively assessed with reference to the mechanical properties. The discussion on modelling involves the identification of crucial characteristics of significant analytical and numerical modelling techniques devised for the prediction of the mechanical behaviour of randomly oriented strand composites and their hybrids. Emphasis is on the methods of stiffness and strength prediction. Our perspectives on the effective use of randomly oriented strand composites and their hybrids are discussed. Process characterisation and process modelling of randomly oriented strand composites and their hybrids are beyond the scope of this article.

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Section: Hybrid Fibre Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Design and intrinsic stiffness of polymer composites for different processing techniques; 16 (b) schematic illustration of an example hybrid part. 16 …”

Section: Hybrid Fibre Architecturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Processing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanical characterisation and modelling of randomly oriented strand architecture and their hybrids – A general review

Visweswaraiah

Selezneva

Lessard

et al. 2018

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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“…In the case of fiber composites with high fiber loadings, resin transfer molding (RTM) is commonly used, as this process satisfies the characteristics demanded by the automotive and aerospace industry [9]. This process looks for low viscosity resins, which can be injected into the mold where fibers are previously loaded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and Crystallization of PA6 Composites Prepared by T-RTM: Effects of Carbon and Glass Fiber Loading

et al. 2019

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Thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM) is attracting much attention due to the need for recyclable alternatives to thermoset materials. In this work, we have prepared polyamide-6 (PA6) and PA6/fiber composites by T-RTM of caprolactam. Glass and carbon fibers were employed in a fixed amount of 60 and 47 wt.%, respectively. Neat PA6 and PA6 matrices (of PA6-GF and PA6-CF) of approximately 200 kg/mol were obtained with conversion ratios exceeding 95%. Both carbon fibers (CF) and glass fibers (GF) were able to nucleate PA6, with efficiencies of 44% and 26%, respectively. The α crystal polymorph of PA6 was present in all samples. The lamellar spacing, lamellar thickness and crystallinity degree did not show significant variations in the samples with or without fibers as result of the slow cooling process applied during T-RTM. The overall isothermal crystallization rate decreased in the order: PA6-CF > PA6-GF > neat PA6, as a consequence of the different nucleation efficiencies. The overall crystallization kinetics data were successfully described by the Avrami equation. The lamellar stack morphology observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) is consistent with 2D superstructural aggregates (n = 2) for all samples. Finally, the reinforcement effect of fibers was larger than one order of magnitude in the values of elastic modulus and tensile strength.

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Nonisothermal fusion bonding in semicrystalline thermoplastics

Plummer

Bourban

Zanetto

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The development of the interfacial bond strength as a function of bonding conditions has been investigated in two representative semicrystalline thermoplastics, isotactic polypropylene and polyamide 12. If one side of the interface is well above the melting point immediately before contact, more rapid effective bonding is obtained for a given estimated interface temperature than under isothermal conditions. This is discussed in terms of a simple two-parameter model for the critical strain energy release rate associated with crack propagation along the interface, which incorporates the rate of establishment of intimate contact at the interface. The model provides a self-consistent phenomenological description of the time and temperature dependence of the bonding kinetics in polyamide 12 joints, although questions remain regarding the detailed mechanisms of bonding.

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Integrated processing of thermoplastic composites

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

Mechanical characterisation and modelling of randomly oriented strand architecture and their hybrids – A general review

Mechanical characterisation and modelling of randomly oriented strand architecture and their hybrids – A general review

Nucleation and Crystallization of PA6 Composites Prepared by T-RTM: Effects of Carbon and Glass Fiber Loading

Nonisothermal fusion bonding in semicrystalline thermoplastics

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