Integrated-optic Nd:glass laser fabricated by flame hydrolysis deposition using chelates

Tumminelli, R.; Haavisto, J.

doi:10.1364/ol.16.001098

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In such configurations, the glass composition can be precisely controlled by varying the relative amounts of the precursor elements. Organic compounds, such as chelates are often preferred for use as rare-earth-ion precursors due to their high vapor pressure, which allows delivery in lines that are maintained at considerably lower temperatures (~200ºC) than those required for transport of the less volatile halide precursors (several hundred degrees) [138]. A typical FHD configuration for growth of rare-earth multicomponet glass films is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Flame Hydrolysis Deposition (Fhd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A disadvantage of this technique is the difficulty to control precisely the dopant concentration and ensure its uniform distribution in the layer. Laser operation has been reported for FHD-deposited Nd-doped [138,[142][143][144][145] and Er-doped [146,147] silica waveguides as well as for Er-doped phosphosilicate waveguides [148].…”

Section: Flame Hydrolysis Deposition (Fhd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

193

112

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Abstract:The tremendous interest in the field of waveguide lasers in the past two decades is largely attributed to the geometry of the gain medium, which provides the possibility to store optical energy on a very small dimension in the form of an optical mode. This allows for realization of sources with enhanced optical gain, low lasing threshold, and small footprint and opens up exciting possibilities in the area of integrated optics by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits. Moreover, this geometrical concept is compatible with high power diode pumping schemes as it provides exceptional thermal management, minimizing the impact of thermal loading on laser performance. The proliferation of techniques for fabrication and processing capable of producing high optical quality waveguides has greatly contributed to the growth of waveguide lasers from a topic of fundamental research to an area that encompasses a variety of practical applications. In this first part of the review on optically pumped waveguide lasers the properties that distinguish these sources from other classes of lasers will be discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-the art in terms of fabrication tools used for producing waveguide lasers is reviewed from the aspects of the processes and the materials involved. 2 1.IntroductionOver the last two decades the field of solid-state planar waveguide lasers has experienced a steady growth, progressing from a laboratory curiosity to an area that demonstrates a broad spectrum of applications, from multiwavelength laser channel arrays for telecommunications to diode-pumped planar structures with multiwatt output powers for sensing and ranging applications. Waveguide lasers are by no means a new field and the first report on such a source dates back in 1961, when laser operation of a waveguide based on an active glass core rod embedded in a low refractive index cladding was demonstrated [1]. However research efforts in the years that followed this report focused primarily on the development of optically pumped laser sources based on high optical quality bulk dielectric laser media in the form of rods and slabs. The merits of the waveguide geometry and the associated optical confinement have been first highlighted in single mode glass optical fibers. Fibers have proven an enabling technology for realization of highly efficient amplifier and laser sources owing to their unrivalled low loss performance and ability to maintain a small spot size and hence high intensities over lengths that are orders of magnitude longer than would normally be allowed by diffraction, [2,3]. Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) in particular have directly contributed to the enormous expansion of the optical communications networks that underpin today's internet infrastructure by allowing for signal regeneration and optical data transmission over long distances. The excellent performance of fiber lasers and amplifiers provided motivation and triggered a major techn...

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Section: Flame Hydrolysis Deposition (Fhd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flame Hydrolysis Deposition (Fhd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

193

112

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“…As can be seen, the most significant results are obtained with phosphate glasses (solid lines). Apart from the dominant 1.06 pm transition [14] lasing, although less significant, others also have been reported around 0.91 pm [40], 1.33 pm, and 1.36pm [SI for the Nd system.…”

Section: Rare Earth-doped Componentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rare earth-doped integrated glass components: modeling and optimization

Lumholt

Bjarklev

Rasmussen

et al. 1995

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstruct-For the integrated optic erbium-doped phosphate silica amplifier, a comprehensive model is presented which includes high-concentration dissipative ion-ion interactions. Based on actual waveguide parameters, the model is seen to reproduce measured gains closely. A rigorous design optimization is performed, and the influence of variations in the launched pump power, the core cross section, the waveguide length, the erbium concentration, and the background losses are evaluated. Optimal design proposals are given, and the process reproducibility of the proposed optimal design is examined. Requirements for process parameter control in me wafer fabrication are set up.

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“…[38][39][40][41] To fabricate the doped waveguide, SiCl 4 and PCl 3 are hydrolyzed (FHD) using an oxy-hydrogen burner to form a low-density soot on a Si substrate with a 10 µm thick SiO 2 layer (thermally grown). The soot is fused and immersed in an alcohol solution of NdCl.…”

Section: Nd-doped Planar Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

Planar Waveguide Amplifiers and Lasers

Dutta¹

2014

Fiber Amplifiers and Fiber Lasers

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Asymmetric lasing and pumping spa al profile Cylindrical lens Waveguide PumpDiode bar Sapphire Sapphire YAG Fig. 11.4 (a) Schematic of end pumping a planar waveguide using a diode laser. Also shown is the pump laser mode in the waveguide. (b) Schematic of a double core waveguide pumping using a diode bar. 8,15 in planar waveguides needs to be two orders of magnitude greater than that for optical fibers. At higher concentration, the average spacing between Er ions decreases. At close spacings, the Er ions lose the exited energy by a nonradiative process known as up-conversion. Consider two Er ions both in their upper energy levels, in the upconversion process, one electron (in one Er ion) decays nonradiatively to the ground state, transferring its energy to the other Er ion, which gets excited to a higher energy level. The clustering of Er ions in silica glass doped to high Er concentrations accentuates this nonradiative decay mechanism. Up-conversion is less pronounced in other glass types (e.g., soda lime glass due to its cage-like structure) where the atoms in the glass surround each Er ion and prevent clustering. These types of glasses have been used in the study of PWAs. Fiber Amplifiers and Fiber Lasers Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM LIBRARY -INFORMATION SERVICES on 03/21/15. For personal use only.

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Integrated-optic Nd:glass laser fabricated by flame hydrolysis deposition using chelates

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Rare earth-doped integrated glass components: modeling and optimization

Planar Waveguide Amplifiers and Lasers

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