Integrated MR sensors for automobile

Enhanced planar Hall voltage changes measured in Co/Cu multilayers and Co films with square shapes

“…The hysteresis loops are evident for the FM arrangement of the Co layer magnetic moments, even at zero applied field, with the average magnetization lying mainly in the film plane. The observed M r /M s ( ) = 0.6 value at the remanence point (H = 0) is more than the estimated average residual magnetization of 0.5M s for a stressed material with an isotropic distribution of easy axes and closer to 2 3 ×0.832M s for cubic anisotropy with 100 easy axes or to 3 4 ×0.866M s for cubic anisotropy with 111 easy axes [15]. It is evident that the coercive field H c = 6 and 50 Oe, for the parallel and vertical field configuration respectively, is different from the H peak = ±12 Oe in the MR measurements.…”

“…The observation of the giant-magnetoresistance (GMR) effect [1], in multilayers (MLs) or granular thin films of ferromagnetic/non-magnetic (FM/NM) elements, and the change in Ni/Co MLs recently reported [2] as 'extraordinary' anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR), open the way for use of high-performance materials in applications of active sensors [3]. The different physical origins of GMR and the 'ordinary' AMR effect leads to different behaviour with magnetic field.…”

Magnetoresistive magnetometer with improved bandwidth and response characteristics

“…Significant applications regard atomic physics, 3 biomedical research, 4 and automotive research. 5 This kind of sensor is also a promising candidate for space science applications. 6 A typical AMR sensor 7 is a Wheatstone bridge of four AMR thin-film elements.…”