Integrated lithium niobate single-mode lasers by the Vernier effect

Laser diode-pumped compact hybrid lithium niobate microring laser

“…However, the single crystal lithium niobate lacks ability for efficient light generation as well as detection. Very recently, doping LN crystals with rare earth ions is an option to achieve the optical gain function in the TFLN platform, and optically pumped micro-lasers on TFLN have been demonstrated based on the rare earth ions doped TFLN [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, electrically pumped hybrid lithium niobite/ semiconductor lasers have also been demonstrated by integration of the III-V laser on TFLN [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Photonic integration on rare earth ion-doped thin-film lithium niobate

“…On the basis of the erbium-doped LNOI, Liu et al [6] achieved the low threshold on-chip microcavity laser output at the C-band in a whispering gallery mode microdisk with a 150-μm diameter. The vernier effect [7] and thermal-optic effect were also used to realize the on-chip adjustable singlemode laser sources. On-chip multi-mode and single-mode lasers at different wavelengths doped with different ions in LN have also been demonstrated.…”

Vernier effect facilitates integrated lithium niobate single-mode lasers

“…A research group from Nankai University in China has demonstrated an integrated whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity laser on erbium-doped thin-film lithium niobate with a pump threshold of about 200 μW and a side-mode suppression ratio exceeding 26 dB [1]. The Vernier effect is applied to realize the single-mode lasing in a photonic molecule.…”

“…The result is appealing and encouraging, but it remains elusive to realize monolithic integrated photonic components via standard dry etching or other nanofabrication processing, and thus its potential for scalable information processing is unrevealed. Now, the researchers from Nankai University propose a fully integrated LN single-mode lasers scheme by the Vernier effect in coupling microring optical molecule as shown in Figure 1(a) [1]. The device is fabricated by standard dry etching.…”

“…The achievement by Zhang et al [1] demonstrates a fully integrated single-mode laser on the LNOI platform, which is a highly desired device for integrated LN photonics. In the future, electrodes can be integrated into devices to further realize a tunable single-mode laser.…”