Vernier effect facilitates integrated lithium niobate single-mode lasers

Selective 1.3 μm Laser Emission via Coupled Microlaser for Laser Resonance Tuning

“…One of the main challenges is the lack of suitable gain materials that can efficiently emit in this wavelength range. Due to the constraints imposed by micro and nanofabrication techniques, only a limited number of materials, such as rare-earth-doped lithium niobate − and glass, − which have well-developed processing methods, can be employed for microcavity fabrication. However, these materials are not the most optimal choice for achieving high conversion efficiency as gain media.…”