Integrated fault detection algorithm for transmission, distribution, and microgrid networks

Abstract

As a part of the vision of the future's smart grids, this article intends to provide an integrated protective algorithm that employs a specially driven index for the detection of faults in different layers of the grid (transmission, distribution, and/or microgrids). The proposed algorithm evaluates the difference between the positive sequence powers measured by phasor measurement units (PMUs) located at the terminals of the line/feeder/zone required to be protected. An index named as a periodic change of positive sequence power index (PC-PSPI) is evaluated as the periodic change of the previous power difference per one cycle. The PC-PSPI is always zero during no-fault conditions as the power difference per one cycle is relatively constant during normal daily operations. However, the previous condition is disrupted during the presence of faults leading to fault detection. To ensure the proper functionality of PC-PSPI for different layers of the grid, various testing systems were used including the WSCC 9-bus transmission system, IEEE 34-bus distribution system, and a modified microgrid version of the IEEE 34-bus equipped with distributed generation (DG) units. All systems were simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software packages. The proposed algorithm proved its reliability in operation even for severe fault and islanding cases.

Fault detection method in subsea power distribution systems using statistical optimisation

“…The existing fault detection methods heavily depend on thresholds and residual trace analysis. In practice, threshold (ratio) methods impose conservative limits or can be easily deteriorated by possible errors leading to improper system assessment that does not correspond to the failure condition [10][11][12]. However, these techniques are inefficient and cause practical issues in the fail-safe operating system, for example, in terms of motor faults and smart grid faulty condition.…”

Simple algorithm for fault detection, classification and direction discrimination in power systems based on digital current signals processing

“…These studies should be conducted to provide the consumer with information regarding normal and abnormal conditions on the electric system. Moreover, the studies are performed to determine requirements for designing the protection system such as fault current magnitude data, and information required for calculating the protective device settings and operating/clearing time [4]. Essentially, all system studies are computer-based using generalized application software.…”

“…The self-organizing map neural network was used as a classifier. In [4], the scheme obtained its required infor-mation using PMU-based measurements, where the gathered phasor data was used to compute an index for fault detection in different layers of the power grid. Paper [5] presented fault zone identification schemes based on support vector machine (SVM) and Relevance Vector Machine (RVM).…”

Interaction characteristics between multi‐port hybrid DC circuit breaker and MVDC distribution system under diversified working conditions

“…Medium voltage direct current (MVDC) distribution system based on voltage source converter has bright prospects in fields of integration of renewable energy, power supply to islands, grid connection and urban distribution networks [1][2][3]. Direct current circuit breakers (DCCBs), capable of interrupting fault current with determined direction and load current with random direction, are essential to ensure the reliability and flexibility of MVDC system.…”