Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Studies on an Electrochemical Immunosensor

Rafat, Neda; Satoh, Paul S.; Barton, Scott Calabrese; Worden, R. Mark

doi:10.3390/bios10100144

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The successful application of our integrated experimental and modeling framework in this paper for IBE biosensors and in a previous paper for a novel amperometric electrochemical immunosensor [26] has demonstrated that the approach is generic and has wide utility for mechanistic modeling of the key mass-transfer and reaction steps that determine the biosensor's amplitude and sensitivity. Moreover, the novel dimensional-analysis approach (e.g., current-control coefficients, sensitivity coefficients, and Damkohler numbers) has been shown to be capable of determining the degree to which various steps limit the biosensor's signal magnitude and sensitivity to the target analyte.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…We recently developed a novel, integrated experimental and modeling framework that includes a steady-state, mechanistic mathematical model that describes the rate of key mass-transfer and reaction steps and a novel dimensional-analysis approach to assess the degree to which individual mass-transfer and reaction steps limit the biosensor's amplitude and sensitivity [26]. We then demonstrated the framework's utility using a novel amperometric electrochemical immunosensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Biosensor for Markers of Neurological Esterase Inhibition

2021

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A novel, integrated experimental and modeling framework was applied to an inhibition-based bi-enzyme (IBE) electrochemical biosensor to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that may trigger neurological diseases. The biosensor was fabricated by co-immobilizing AChE and tyrosinase (Tyr) on the gold working electrode of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) array. The reaction chemistry included a redox-recycle amplification mechanism to improve the biosensor’s current output and sensitivity. A mechanistic mathematical model of the biosensor was used to simulate key diffusion and reaction steps, including diffusion of AChE’s reactant (phenylacetate) and inhibitor, the reaction kinetics of the two enzymes, and electrochemical reaction kinetics at the SPE’s working electrode. The model was validated by showing that it could reproduce a steady-state biosensor current as a function of the inhibitor (PMSF) concentration and unsteady-state dynamics of the biosensor current following the addition of a reactant (phenylacetate) and inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride). The model’s utility for characterizing and optimizing biosensor performance was then demonstrated. It was used to calculate the sensitivity of the biosensor’s current output and the redox-recycle amplification factor as a function of experimental variables. It was used to calculate dimensionless Damkohler numbers and current-control coefficients that indicated the degree to which individual diffusion and reaction steps limited the biosensor’s output current. Finally, the model’s utility in designing IBE biosensors and operating conditions that achieve specific performance criteria was discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Biosensor for Markers of Neurological Esterase Inhibition

2021

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“…The immobilization of the antibody on the SAM layer was performed using EDC/NHS coupling, forming a covalent bond between the carboxylic acid and a primary amine, as previously described [24,28,29]. The electrodes were exposed to a fresh 1:2 solution of NHS and EDC in a 50 mM MES buffer at pH 5.0 for 40 min and subsequently rinsed.…”

Section: Antibody Immobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chronoamperometric detection method can be used in combination with immunosandwich complexes to render the electrochemical signal dependent on an antigen concentration, as demonstrated in [29,[48][49][50][51]. A standard practice for biosensors is to amplify the signal as a means of increasing the sensitivity.…”

Section: Electrochemical Signal Amplification Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric Biosensor for Quantitative Measurement Using Sandwich Immunoassays

et al. 2023

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State-of-the-art clinical detection methods typically involve standard immunoassay methods, requiring specialized equipment and trained personnel. This impedes their use in the Point-of-Care (PoC) environment, where ease of operation, portability, and cost efficiency are prioritized. Small, robust electrochemical biosensors provide a means with which to analyze biomarkers in biological fluids in PoC environments. Optimized sensing surfaces, immobilization strategies, and efficient reporter systems are key to improving biosensor detection systems. The signal transduction and general performance of electrochemical sensors are determined by surface properties that link the sensing element to the biological sample. We analyzed the surface characteristics of screen-printed and thin-film electrodes using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adapted for use in an electrochemical sensor. The robustness and reproducibility of the developed electrochemical immunosensor were investigated by detecting Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in urine. The sensor showed a detection limit of 1 ng/mL, a linear range of 3.5–80 ng/mL, and a CV% of 8%. The results demonstrate that the developed platform technology is suitable for immunoassay-based sensors on either screen-printed or thin-film gold electrodes.

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“…There are numerous ways of applying theory to biosensing, and we can classify them into continuous or large-scale modeling and molecular modeling. On the one hand, continuous modeling is habitually used to propose semi-empirical equations to describe some specific property and then solve them for a given set of parameters [154]. After that, the obtained characteristic curve can be compared to the experimental result.…”

Section: Theory and Simulation Of Biosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Low-Dimensional-Materials-Based FET Immunosensors: A Review

et al. 2021

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Electrochemical immunosensors (EI) have been widely investigated in the last several years. Among them, immunosensors based on low-dimensional materials (LDM) stand out, as they could provide a substantial gain in fabricating point-of-care devices, paving the way for fast, precise, and sensitive diagnosis of numerous severe illnesses. The high surface area available in LDMs makes it possible to immobilize a high density of bioreceptors, improving the sensitivity in biorecognition events between antibodies and antigens. If on the one hand, many works present promising results in using LDMs as a sensing material in EIs, on the other hand, very few of them discuss the fundamental interactions involved at the interfaces. Understanding the fundamental Chemistry and Physics of the interactions between the surface of LDMs and the bioreceptors, and how the operating conditions and biorecognition events affect those interactions, is vital when proposing new devices. Here, we present a review of recent works on EIs, focusing on devices that use LDMs (1D and 2D) as the sensing substrate. To do so, we highlight both experimental and theoretical aspects, bringing to light the fundamental aspects of the main interactions occurring at the interfaces and the operating mechanisms in which the detections are based.

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Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Studies on an Electrochemical Immunosensor

Cited by 4 publications

References 67 publications

Electrochemical Biosensor for Markers of Neurological Esterase Inhibition

Electrochemical Biosensor for Markers of Neurological Esterase Inhibition

Amperometric Biosensor for Quantitative Measurement Using Sandwich Immunoassays

Addressing the Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Low-Dimensional-Materials-Based FET Immunosensors: A Review

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