Abstract:This paper addresses the future potential of biofuel production in agriculture, with a particular view to its implementation in agriculture in Europe. After a brief account of recent developments, an exploratory metaanalysis is presented in order to assess the effectiveness of biofuel production from the perspective of several relevant policy y criteria. Next, various scenarios are outlined and evaluated by means of a multi-criteria analysis, so as to judge the feasibility of various biofuel production options… Show more
“…Hence our analysis suggests that promoting ethanol in Brazil can be a useful tool to reduce both dependence on crude oil and GHG emissions [96][97][98]. Given his competitive advantage in ethanol production, the sugarcane industry is one of the pillars of the Brazilian economy.…”
Abstract:Brazil is currently the world's largest sugar producer and exporter, as well as the world's largest producer and consumer of sugarcane ethanol as a transportation fuel. The growth of this market originates from a combination of government policies and technological change, in both the sugarcane ethanol processing sector and the manufacture of flex-fuel vehicles. In recent years however, ethanol production has been questioned due to its possible impact on food prices. The present paper aims to explore the impact of Brazilian ethanol prices on sugar and gasoline prices. The relationships between a times series of these prices are investigated using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), supported by Granger Causality tests. In addition, Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) and Forecast Error Variance Decompositions (FEVD) are computed in order to investigate the dynamic interrelationships within these series. Our results suggest that ethanol prices are affected by both food and fuel prices, but that there is no strong evidence that changes in ethanol prices have an impact on food prices.
“…Hence our analysis suggests that promoting ethanol in Brazil can be a useful tool to reduce both dependence on crude oil and GHG emissions [96][97][98]. Given his competitive advantage in ethanol production, the sugarcane industry is one of the pillars of the Brazilian economy.…”
Abstract:Brazil is currently the world's largest sugar producer and exporter, as well as the world's largest producer and consumer of sugarcane ethanol as a transportation fuel. The growth of this market originates from a combination of government policies and technological change, in both the sugarcane ethanol processing sector and the manufacture of flex-fuel vehicles. In recent years however, ethanol production has been questioned due to its possible impact on food prices. The present paper aims to explore the impact of Brazilian ethanol prices on sugar and gasoline prices. The relationships between a times series of these prices are investigated using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), supported by Granger Causality tests. In addition, Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) and Forecast Error Variance Decompositions (FEVD) are computed in order to investigate the dynamic interrelationships within these series. Our results suggest that ethanol prices are affected by both food and fuel prices, but that there is no strong evidence that changes in ethanol prices have an impact on food prices.
“…One of the main factors that degrade environmental wellness is the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) from the transport sector. Rapeseed oil can reduce GHG (up to 90%) compared to fossil diesel [125,126]. Concrete reductions of GHG are obvious in Europe and North America with rapeseed-based biofuels, as for Canada, annual GHG was reduced by 4.4 megatons [127].…”
Brassica napus is a vegetable oil crop, commonly known as rapeseed (or canola). It is widely used as a source of oil and protein for food and industrial applications, but also as a remedy, and in a field of attraction or as an ornament due to its diverse flower colors. Every part of rapeseed is useful, even the waste, which could be used to feed animals, or recycled. In this review, the use of rapeseed in these applications is presented, starting with the preparation of oil and protein from the seeds, before their release in the market, to the utilization of natural unprocessed rapeseed. Progress in rapeseed exploitation for food, remedy, energy source, and industrial applications are analyzed to show variability in diverse findings, to provide insights and progressive descriptions of rapeseed usage to other scholars. Moreover, advancements in breeding for rapeseed improvement were described. In the future, strategies could be developed or improved to avoid or decrease crop losses, but also to increase interest in propagating the valuable traits of rapeseed.
“…Nevertheless, the production of biofuels entail emissions to the environment coming from the use of fertilisers during plantation phase and emissions from fuel use during oil extraction, transportation, land use change etc. (Finco et al, 2012a;Finco et al, 2012b).…”
The promotion of biofuels as energy for transportation in the industrialised countries is mainly driven by the perspective of oil depletion, concerns about energy security and global warming. Nevertheless, the production of biofuels entails emissions to the environment coming from the different stages in the product life cycle. This paper evaluates the environmental impact of pure rapeseed biodiesel (B100) production and consumption in the public transport sector, in terms of GHG emissions released by every stage in the life cycle, in order to identify proper interventions to reduce the emissions. The methodology applied to this purpose is an Attributional Life Cycle Analysis (ALCA). The Agricultural phase results to be the process that produces the highest GHG emissions, mainly because of the production and the use of nitrogen fertiliser.
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