Integrated Complex Combinations for the Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in AIDS

Abstract

In the present paper the ‘serial combinations’ (components of the combination offered separately), as used in conventional combination therapy, are compared with the ‘integrated complex combination’ (offered as fixed combinations). So far, three combinations have been worked out on the basis of this concept (RMP + SMZ + TMP + INH; RMP + SMZ + TMP + PTH; RMP + INH + PTH + DDS). They allow successful treatment of almost all mycobacterial infections and diseases (including tuberculosis and leprosy) and a number of infections caused by gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms and by Pneumocystis carinii.

Cotrifazid – An Agent against Malaria

“…Experience and single observations are already available with all three combinations. Up to now, Co trifazid has been used to treat leprosy [15][16][17][18] including ocular leprosy, tuberculosis [18,19] salmonelloses including typhoid fever [20], opportunistic [21,22] and associated infec tions (e.g. tuberculosis in AIDS), inflamma tions in the region of the head (otitis, sinusitis, oral cavity) and tourist enteritis.…”

A New Short-Term Combination Therapy of Leprosy

“…However, our basic research work is directed at the goal to extend the MDT to a multidisease therapy [24], The combination RMP + SXT + INH presented here is not a special drug regimen for the treatment of leprosy, but an almost uni versal antimycobactcrial medication, cov ering both TB and leprosy, but which is al so effective in some nonmycobacterial dis eases (e.g. opportunistic infections in AIDS or diseases caused by hospitalism).…”

“…Nor can this goal be attained by administration of several antimicrobial drugs which have to be taken separately ('serial combinations'). It is imperative to administer combinations making use both of the antimicrobial activity and the syn ergistic effects of the incorporated sub stances and yielding a high antimicrobial action involving three or four modes of ac tion in a fixed combination ('complex combinations') [24], The advantages of fered by this therapy for the so-called Third World, but of course also for us, are evident. This development can only be pointed out briefly here.…”

Combined Effect of Atovaquone and Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate in the Treatment of Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis

“…Treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals remains a complex problem in terms of drug efficacy, tolerance and interactions [1][2][3]. A promising option for the treatment of toxoplasmosis in this setting is atovaquone (ATO), a hydroxynaphthoquinone with broad-spectrum antiprotozoal activity [4], which is, in addition to azithromycin, the only drug to date found to be active against both the tachyzoite and bradyzoite life stages of Toxoplasma gondii [5].…”