Integrated Bacillus sp. immobilized cell reactor and Synechocystis sp. algal reactor for the treatment of tannery wastewater

Abstract

The wastewater discharged from leather industries lack biodegradability due to the presence of xenobiotic compounds. The primary clarification and aerobic treatment in Bacillus sp. immobilized Chemo Autotrophic Activated Carbon Oxidation (CAACO) reactor removed considerable amount of pollution parameters. The residual untreated organics in the wastewater was further treated in algal batch reactor inoculated with Synechocystis sp. Sodium nitrate, K(2)HPO(4), MgSO(4).7H(2)O, NH(4)Cl, CaCl(2)·2H(2)O, FeCl(3) (anhydrous), and thiamine hydrochloride, rice husk based activated carbon (RHAC), immobilization of Bacillus sp. in mesoporous activated carbon, sand filter of dimensions diameter, 6 cm and height, 30 cm; and the CAACO reactor of dimensions diameter, 5.5 cm and height, 30 cm with total volume 720 ml, and working volume of 356 ml. In the present investigation, the CAACO treated tannery wastewater was applied to Synechocystis sp. inoculated algal batch reactor of hydraulic residence time 24 h. The BOD(5), COD, and TOC of treated wastewater from algal batch reactor were 20 ± 7, 167 ± 29, and 78 ± 16 mg/l respectively. The integrated CAACO system and Algal batch reactor was operated for 30 days and they accomplished a cumulative removal of BOD(5),COD, TOC, VFA and sulphide as 98 %, 95 %, 93 %, 86 %, and 100 %, respectively. The biokinetic constants for the growth of algae in the batch reactor were specific growth rate, 0.095(day(-1)) and yield coefficient, 3.15 mg of algal biomass/mg of COD destructed. The degradation of xenobiotic compounds in the algal batch reactor was confirmed through HPLC and FT-IR techniques. The integrated CAACO-Algal reactor system established a credible reduction in pollution parameters in the tannery wastewater. The removal mechanism is mainly due to co-metabolism between algae and bacterial species and the organics were completely metabolized rather than by adsorption.

Algae-Based Biorefinery as a Sustainable Renewable Resource

“…Wastewater treatment [67] K. alvarezii Enhanced yield and nutritional quality in green gram (Phaseolus radiata L.) treated with seaweed (K. alvarezii) extract…”

“… The residual untreated organics in the wastewater was further treated in algal. Wastewater treatment [ 67 ] K. alvarezii Enhanced yield and nutritional quality in green gram ( Phaseolus radiata L.) treated with seaweed ( K. alvarezii ) extract Fertilizer [ 108 ] …”

Cyanobacteria as Potential Options for Wastewater Treatment

“…An integrated system of Bacillus sp. immobilised chemo autotrophic activated carbon oxidation (CAACO) and algal batch reactor removed 98, 95, 93, 86 and 100 % of BOD, COD, TOC, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and sulphide respectively from tannery effl uent after 30 days (Sekaran et al 2013 ). There are reports where researchers have employed consortia of different microorganisms, including cyanobacteria to treated contaminated wastewater (Safonova et al 2004 ;Bernal et al 2008 ;Renuka et al 2013b ).…”

Chemical Waste and Allied Products

“…The removal mechanism is mainly due to cometabolism between algae and bacterial species and the organics were completely metabolized rather than by adsorption (Sekaran et al, 2013). The study showed that a composting mixture with a significant proportion of Egg Integrated) process has been approved to be a sludge-minimized sewage treatment process in warm and coastal cities with seawater supply.…”