Integrated assessment of nonpoint source pollution of a drinking water reservoir in a typical acid rain region

Abstract

Nonpoint source pollution generated by agricultural production and city construction has been studied for decades, but very few researches have been conducted on the regional assessment of nonpoint source pollution in the acid rain regions, particularly relating to the control of pollutant in the drinking water source areas. In this study, an integrated framework was applied to estimate nitrogen and phosphorous load in a typical acid rain influenced reservoir, China. The method comprised three separate steps: (1) a watershed model-soil and water assessment tools-was used to estimate nitrogen and phosphorous load from the upper stream watershed; (2) collection of acid rain samples, together with a GIS-based calculation to estimate the atmospheric deposition flux; (3) introduction of a simple export coefficient method. The case study indicated atmospheric deposition accounted for 56.75 % of total nitrogen load during the year, with the highest level of deposition load taking place during the wet season. Maximum phosphorous (93.37 %) was linked to the upstream runoff, originating from the upper watershed. Further analysis by watershed model and export coefficient method indicated forest exported most total nitrogen (27.72 %) and total phosphorous (58.78 %) in the upstream watershed. Results indicated that in the region influenced by acid rain, the nitrogen management should encompass the management of land use practices and the control of acid rain in catchments feeding into drinking water storage areas. It could be inferred that NOX emissions might cause both globe warming and eutrophication in the drinking water sources. This paper could provide a basis for water quality management in such regions.

Inactivation mechanism of chlorination in Escherichia coli internalized in Limnoithona sinensis and Daphnia magna

“…Zooplankton are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and may harbor viable microorganisms which are thereby protected from disinfection during drinking water treatment (Chen et al, 2013). Higher zooplankton colonization have been documented in BAC filter (Lin et al, 2014a, b).…”

Extended statistical entropy analysis for the evaluation of nitrogen budgets in Austria

“…Extensive data sets are available for two Austrian catchments and for two nutritional alternatives, the nutritional state-of-the-art for all Austria (ASN) and the optimized diet for Austria (AON) according to the German Nutrition Society (Thaler et al 2011). The data are expressed as average annual values over the period [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006]. To apply eSEA, the following additional assumptions are required: Animal feedstuff is assumed to contain 50 % dry matter, and chemical fertilizer is assumed to represent a mixture of 94 % NH 4 NO 3 and 6 % CO(NH 2 ) 2 with a total N content of 40 %.…”

“…Of this area, 222,775 ha was used for agriculture during [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006]. The N turnover is 99 kgN/ha/years or 39 kgN/ cap/years.…”

“…The amount of N r continues to increase on a global scale, primarily as a result of agricultural activities (Galloway et al 2004;Gruber and Galloway 2008;Nielsen 2006;Sutton et al 2011). In fact, agriculture has been identified as the major source of increased N r emissions to both the atmosphere and surface and groundwater (Bouwman et al 1997;Mosier et al 1998;Van Drecht et al 2003;Chen et al, 2013). Smil (1999) has found that crop production is the principle cause of the anthropogenic alteration of the N cycle (Smil 1999).…”

Uncertainty analysis for nonpoint source pollution modeling: implications for watershed models

“…Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has been one of the main contributors to water quality degradation during the recent decades (Chen et al 2013;Tanik et al 2013;Tian et al 2012). Watershed models are essential tools that allow researchers to investigate the complex effects of multiple activities on basin systems (Barlund et al 2007;Ghebremichael et al 2013).…”