Inactivation mechanism of chlorination in Escherichia coli internalized in Limnoithona sinensis and Daphnia magna

Lin, Tao; Chen, Wei; Cai, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.015

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We investigated whether the degree of damage to E. coli depends on the form of chlorine and were able to confirm the leakage of EGFP in response to chlorine and measure the degree of damage to the cell membrane and cell wall of E. coli. Previous studies have also confirmed that fluorescence intensity is influenced by high concentrations of chlorine in solution, buffer, and various other external factors [23][24][25][26]. Here, we confirmed the effect of experimental conditions such as pH, chlorine concentration, and treatment time on the fluorescence intensity of EGFP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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The Mechanism of Chlorine Damage Using Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Escherichia coli

Mizozoe

Otaki

Aikawa

2019

Water

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This study investigated how chlorine inactivates and damages Escherichia coli cells. E. coli that had transformed to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at the cytoplasm was treated with chlorine. Damage to the cell membrane and cell wall was analyzed by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the leaked EGFP, then accounting for the fluorescence deterioration. At pH 7, E. coli was lethally damaged after treatment with chlorine, but significant leakage of EGFP was not observed. In contrast, significant leakage of EGFP was observed at pH 9, even though E. coli was not as inactivated as it was at pH 7. Flow cytometry was used to confirm the fluorescence intensity of the remaining EGFP inside the cells. No significant fluorescence loss was observed in the cells at pH 7. However, at pH 9, the fluorescence intensity in the cells decreased, indicating leakage of EGFP. These results suggest that hypochlorous acid inactivates E. coli without damaging its cell membrane and cell wall, whereas the hypochlorite ion inactivates E. coli by damaging its cell membrane and cell wall. It was possible to confirm the chlorine damage mechanism on E. coli by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the leaked EGFP. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M.M., M.O., and K.A.; methodology, M.M., M.O., and K.A.; validation, M.O. and K.A.; formal analysis, M.M.; investigation, M.M.; resources, M.O. and K.A.; data curation, M.M.; writing-original draft preparation, M.M.; writing-review and editing, M.O. and K.A.; visualization, M.M.; supervision, M.O. and K.A; project administration, M.O.; funding acquisition, M.O. and K.A.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Thus, it is an excellent means of localization [20,21]. Although green fluorescent protein (GFP) is stable [22], fading may occur, owing to various factors such as buffer, pH, and disinfectant [23][24][25][26]. In this study, we used EGFP to clarify the mechanism of damage by chlorine on E. coli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Chlorine Damage Using Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Escherichia coli

Mizozoe

Otaki

Aikawa

2019

Water

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“…Conversely, other studies suggest that Daphnia can act as a refuge for ingested faecal microorganisms such as E . coli and offer them some protection during drinking water treatment [ 27 , 28 ]. To the best of our knowledge though, it is not known to what extent Daphnia can affect E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does the cladoceran Daphnia pulex affect the fate of Escherichia coli in water?

et al. 2017

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The faecal indicator Escherichia coli plays a central role in water quality assessment and monitoring. It is therefore essential to understand its fate under various environmental constraints such as predation by bacterivorous zooplankton. Whereas most studies have examined how protozooplankton communities (heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates) affect the fate of E. coli in water, the capacity of metazooplankton to control the faecal indicator remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how the common filter-feeding cladoceran, Daphnia pulex, affects the fate of E. coli under different experimental conditions. Daphnia ingested E. coli and increased its loss rates in water, but the latter rates decreased from 1.65 d-1 to 0.62 d-1 after a 1,000-fold reduction in E. coli initial concentrations, due to lower probability of encounter between Daphnia and E. coli. The combined use of culture and PMA qPCR (viability-qPCR) demonstrated that exposure to Daphnia did not result into the formation of viable but non-culturable E. coli cells. In lake water, a significant part of E. coli population loss was associated with matrix-related factors, most likely due to predation by other bacterivorous biota and/or bacterial competition. However, when exposing E. coli to a D. pulex gradient (from 0 to 65 ind.L-1), we observed an increasing impact of Daphnia on E. coli loss rates, which reached 0.47 d-1 in presence of 65 ind.L-1. Our results suggest that the filter-feeder can exert a non-negligible predation pressure on E. coli, especially during seasonal Daphnia population peaks. Similar trials using other Daphnia species as well as stressed E. coli cells will increase our knowledge on the capacity of this widespread zooplankter to control E. coli in freshwater resources. Based on our results, we strongly advocate the use of natural matrices to study these biotic interactions in order to avoid overestimation of Daphnia impact.

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“…Disinfection is recognized as an effective technique for reducing pathogens and protecting people against waterborne infectious diseases. Chemical disinfection, especially chlorination is the most popular sterilization technique used for water purification [1][2][3] However, evidences show that the chlorine residue poses a serious public health risk [4]. Traditional disinfection methods such as chlorination, UV irradiation and ozonation can produce serious problems such as insufficient wastewater treatment, incomplete removal of colours, high energy requirement, phase production containing secondary pollutants and fluctuations [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated carbon-supported NiS/CoS photocatalyst for degradation of methyl violet (MV) and selective disinfection process for different bacteria under visible light irradiation

Artagan

Vai̇zoğullar

Uğurlu

2021

Journal of Taibah University for Science

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Inactivation mechanism of chlorination in Escherichia coli internalized in Limnoithona sinensis and Daphnia magna

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

The Mechanism of Chlorine Damage Using Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Escherichia coli

The Mechanism of Chlorine Damage Using Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Escherichia coli

How does the cladoceran Daphnia pulex affect the fate of Escherichia coli in water?

Activated carbon-supported NiS/CoS photocatalyst for degradation of methyl violet (MV) and selective disinfection process for different bacteria under visible light irradiation

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