Integrated Approach to Controlling Leucostoma Canker of Peach in Ontario

Biggs, Alan R.

doi:10.1094/pd-73-0869

Cited by 55 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…are controversial. On Prunus (Biggs 1989) and Populus species (Kepley and Jacobi 2000), Cytospora species have proven to be highly virulent and destructive. However, in general, Cytospora species are considered as wound parasites attacking trees weakened by biotic and abiotic factors (Schoeneweiss 1975(Schoeneweiss , 1983.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ITS sequence data and morphology differentiate Cytospora chrysosperma associated with trunk disease of grapevine in northern Iran

Arzanlou

Narmani

2015

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Trunk diseases are potential threats for the grapevine industry owing to the worldwide incidence and economic impact of the diseases. Several fungal groups are known to be involved in these diseases. In a survey on grapevine trunk diseases in northern Iran, Cytospora isolates were repeatedly recovered from vines showing decline symptoms. The symptoms appeared as pale brown to brown streaks in longitudinal cuts of shoots. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the isolates were in agreement with the description of Cytospora chrysosperma. Sequence data of the ITS-rDNA region was used to further confirm the identity of the species.Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence data obtained in this study and the sequences from GenBank, confirmed the morphological identification. Our isolates were clustered together with C. chrysosperma isolates known from other woody host plant species. The pathogenicity assay on detached shoots of grapevines induced the same symptoms as was observed in field conditions. Although, C. chrysosperma is known from several woody hosts in Iran, the occurrence of this species on grapevines showing decline symptoms is new. The economic impact, distribution, and degree of involvement of C. chrysosperma in decline of vines in other regions of Iran remains to be studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ITS sequence data and morphology differentiate Cytospora chrysosperma associated with trunk disease of grapevine in northern Iran

Arzanlou

Narmani

2015

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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“…Apple Valsa canker, caused by Valsa mali , is one of the most destructive diseases of apple trees in East Asia (Vasilyeva & Kim, ; Wang et al ., ). V. mali exhibits only weak parasitism because this fungus parasitizes mainly through bark wounds and cracks (Adams et al ., ; Biggs, ; Ke et al ., ; Kepley & Jacobi, ). After the infection of wounded tissue, hyphae develop intra‐ and intercellularly and colonize bark tissue surrounding the penetration sites, which induces severe tissue maceration and necrosis (Ke et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The feruloyl esterase genes are required for full pathogenicity of the apple tree canker pathogen Valsa mali

Gao

Chen

et al. 2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Apple Valsa canker, caused by the fungus Valsa mali, is one of the most destructive diseases of apple trees in East Asia. Feruloyl esterases (ferulic acid esterases, FAEs), which belong to a subclass of carboxylic esterases, can cleave ester bonds that crosslink hydroxycinnamic acids and arabinoxylans or certain pectins in plant cell walls. However, a pathogenic role of FAE has not been demonstrated in plant-pathogenic fungi. In this study, the FAE gene family, including one type A, one type B, three type C and two type D FAE genes, was identified in V. mali. Five of the seven FAE genes had highly elevated transcript levels in V. mali-apple tree bark interactions compared with mycelia grown in axenic culture. Signal peptides of the VmFAEs were confirmed using yeast signal sequence trap assays. To examine whether FAEs are required for the pathogenicity of V. mali, seven single- and six double-gene deletion mutants were generated. Compared with the wild-type, three of the seven FAE single-deletion mutants showed significantly reduced pathogenicity and three of the six FAE double-deletion mutants exhibited greater reductions in pathogenicity, suggesting the joint action of FAEs in the V. mali-apple tree interaction. Most of the FAE mutants that exhibited a significant reduction in pathogenicity had significantly lower FAE activity than the wild-type fungus. These results indicate that secreted FAEs are required for the full pathogenicity of the phytopathogenic fungus V. mali.

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“…The effects of stress factors accumulate with tree age, especially after peach orchards come into full production, and negatively affect tree growth, fruit production, fruit size, disease response, cold hardiness, root distribution, and tree survival (Biggs, 1989;Chalmers et al, 1981Chalmers et al, , 1983Dhanvantari, 1978;Layne, 1984;Tan, 1984, 1988;Layne et al, 1986;Tan and Layne, 1991). Thus, long-term experiments are necessary to assess cumulative treatment effects and interactions adequately in orchard management experiments (Layne and Tan, 1984).…”

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Cultivar, Ground-cover, and Irrigation Treatments and Their Interactions Affect Long-term Performance of Peach Trees

Layne¹,

Tan²,

Hunter³

1994

jashs

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Three cultivars (`Garnet Beauty', `Harbrite', `Canadian Harmony'), two ground covers (temporary cover vs. permanent sod), and no irrigation vs. season-long trickle irrigation were studied in a high-density (633 trees/ha) peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] orchard established on Fox sand in 1980. From 1985 to 1989, soil water content in the top 130 cm was similar in nonirrigated and trickle-irrigated plots except during the growing season (May to September). Total soil water was lowest in nonirrigated plots that had permanent sod strips in the row middles and fell below the-permanent wilting point for ≥11 months in summer but not at depths below 130 cm. Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) was greater for `Canadian Harmony' and `Harbrite' than `Garnet Beauty', ground-cover treatments had no effect, and irrigated trees were generally larger than those not irrigated. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance differed by cultivar, were unaffected by ground cover, and were enhanced by irrigation. Defoliation differed by cultivar, ground cover had little effect, and irrigation usually delayed defoliation. Flower bud and shoot xylem hardiness differed by cultivar but not by ground cover and were generally enhanced by irrigation. Tree survival was significantly affected by cultivar, being best with `Harbrite' and `Canadian Harmony' and poorest with `Garnet Beauty'. Permanent sod enhanced tree survival while trickle irrigation reduced it. Cumulative marketable yields were affected more by cultivar than by ground cover or irrigation. `Canadian Harmony' had the highest yield, followed by `Harbrite', then `Garnet Beauty'. Yields in sod were slightly higher than in temporary cover and yields with trickle irrigation were slightly higher than without irrigation. The best soil-management system when TCA, marketable yield, and tree survival were considered was a combination of permanent creeping red fescue sod strips in the row middles and trickle irrigation in the tree row. This system is being recommended to commercial growers in southwestern Ontario.

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Integrated Approach to Controlling Leucostoma Canker of Peach in Ontario

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

ITS sequence data and morphology differentiate Cytospora chrysosperma associated with trunk disease of grapevine in northern Iran

ITS sequence data and morphology differentiate Cytospora chrysosperma associated with trunk disease of grapevine in northern Iran

The feruloyl esterase genes are required for full pathogenicity of the apple tree canker pathogen Valsa mali

Cultivar, Ground-cover, and Irrigation Treatments and Their Interactions Affect Long-term Performance of Peach Trees

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