Integrated Approach to Control False Smut in Hybrid Rice in Sichuan Province, China

Liang, Yan; Zhang, Xuemei; Li, Deqiang; Huang, Fu; Hu, Peisong; Peng, Yunliang

doi:10.1016/s1672-6308(14)60269-9

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, manipulation of planting time could be a way to control this disease Ahonsi and Adeoti, 2002;Brooks et al, 2011). It is suggested that escaping false smut epidemic by planting the early maturating group of cultivars (Zhou et al, 2010) as late maturing varieties show higher rates of infection (Liang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many questions relevant to the integrated management of RFSm using cultural practices, fungicide applications and deployed resistance remain unaddressed". Among the cultural management options, a number of studies have attempted to control RFSm through manipulation of transplanting time in China (Liang et al, 2014, Egypt (Atia, 2004, India (Dodan and Singh, 1994), Nigeria (Ahonsi et al, 2000) and in the USA (Brooks et al, 2009). However, a similar study has not yet been conducted in Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice False Smut Disease at Different Flowering Times

et al. 2016

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Rice false smut (RFSm) has lately been recognized as an emerging disease worldwide. Its alarming prevalence in Bangladesh in the transplant Aman rice in the last three years has been widely reported. However, there is no effective control measure against the disease in this country. We hypothesized that manipulation of flowering time in aman rice may avoid RFSm incidence. A two-year study (2014 and 2015) during T. Aman season using the widely regarded RFSm-prone variety, BRRI dhan49, across a range of flowering regime from mid-July to mid-January, demonstrated lower disease incidence in earlier (till midOctober) and later (after mid-November) part. The highest incidence of the disease was recorded when the crop flowered on 9 and 5 November in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The disease was recorded on ratoons. The peak of the infection recorded on ratoons when flowered on 7 November. To the best of our knowledge, worldwide, this is the first record of the disease on ratoons. Rainfall did not influence the disease. The relationship between the disease incidence and relative humidity and sunshine hours were significant. Avoiding flowering time during mid-October to mid-November through planting time adjustment appeared as an effective practice to escape rice false smut disease incidence in Aman season.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice False Smut Disease at Different Flowering Times

et al. 2016

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“…Various fungicides such as Wenquning (a suspension of Bacillus subtilis in a solution of validamycin), copper oxychloride, cuproxat, simeconazole, tebuconazole, copper hydroxide, difenoconazole and hexaconazole have been reported for the control over 70% of rice false smut disease [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Field tests were conducted [17], to determine the effect of fungicide applications to flooded paddy water to control false smut.…”

Section: Management Through Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of False Smut Disease of Rice: A Review

Baite¹,

Khokhar²,

Meena³

2021

Cereal Grains - Volume 1

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop of the developing world. Among the biotic stresses of false smut is an emerging disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. The disease reduces both the quality and quantity of rice. The pathogen produces mycotoxins that are harmful to animals and humans. The disease is severe when favorable environmental conditions like high humidity (more than 80%) and temperature ranging from 25 to 30°C, late sowing and high soil fertility as well as using high amount of nitrogen. It has gained the status of a major disease of rice and causing varying yield loss depending on the weather conditions during the crop-growing period and the genotypes. Therefore, the primary concern of the farmers is the disease management methods, which are effective, simple and practical. Since, there is no single effective management strategy for false smut, we have discussed about the potential management options available depending upon the economic status and adoption capacity of the farmers. In the Plant Pathologists point of view, eco-friendly methods of disease management like cultural, biological and use of resistant variety should be advocated for sustainability of agriculture and human being.

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“…Currently, the control of rice false smut disease mostly relies on fungicides. Several fungicides, such as Wenquning (a suspension of Bacillus subtilis in a solution of validamycin), copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, cuproxat SC, simeconazole, horizon, tebuconazole, difenoconazole and hexaconazole, have been shown to possess over 70% control against rice false smut disease (Ahonsi and Adeoti, ; Gao et al ., ; Liang et al ., ; Tripathi et al ., ; Tsuda et al ., ; Zhou and Wang, ). It should be noted that the timing of spraying with fungicides is critical for control.…”

Section: Disease Symptoms and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding on Villosiclava virens, a unique flower‐infecting fungus causing rice false smut disease

Fan

Yang

Wang

et al. 2016

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Villosiclava virens (Vv) is an ascomycete fungal pathogen that causes false smut disease in rice. Recent reports have revealed some interesting aspects of the enigmatic pathogen to address the question of why it specifically infects rice flowers and converts a grain into a false smut ball. Comparative and functional genomics have suggested specific adaptation of Vv in the colonization of rice flowers. Anatomical studies have disclosed that Vv specifically infects rice stamen filaments before heading and intercepts seed formation. In addition, Vv can occupy the whole inner space of a spikelet embracing all floral organs and activate the rice grain-filling network, presumably for nutrient acquisition to support the development of the false smut ball. This profile provides a general overview of the rice false smut pathogen, and summarizes advances in the Vv life cycle, genomics and genetics, and the molecular Vv-rice interaction. Current understandings of the Vv-rice pathosystem indicate that it is a unique and interesting system which can enrich the study of plant-pathogen interactions. Taxonomy: Ustilaginoidea virens is the anamorph form of the pathogen (Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Class Ascomycetes; Subclass Incertae sedis; Order Incertae sedis; Family Incertae sedis; Genus Ustilaginoidea). The teleomorph form is Villosiclava virens (Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Class Ascomycetes; Subclass Sordariomycetes; Order Hypocreales; Family Clavicipitaceae; Genus Villosiclava). Disease symptoms: The only visible symptom is the replacement of rice grains by ball-shaped fungal mycelia, namely false smut balls. When maturing, the false smut ball is covered with powdery chlamydospores, and the colour changes to yellowish, yellowish orange, green, olive green and, finally, to greenish black. Sclerotia are often formed on the false smut balls in autumn. Identification and detection: Vv conidia are round to elliptical, measuring 3-5 μm in diameter. Chlamydospores are ornamented with prominent irregularly curved spines, which are 200-500 nm in length. The sclerotia are black, horseshoe-shaped and irregular oblong or flat, ranging from 2 to 20 mm. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR have been developed to specifically detect Vv presence in rice tissues and other biotic and abiotic samples in fields. Host range: Rice is the primary host for Vv. Natural infection by Vv has been found on several paddy field weeds, including Digitaria marginata, Panicum trypheron, Echinochloa crusgalli and Imperata cylindrica. However, the occurrence of infection in these potential alternative hosts is very rare. Life cycle: Vv infects rice spikelets at the late rice booting stage, and produces false smut balls covered with dark-green chlamydospores. Occasionally, sclerotia form on the surface of false smut balls in late autumn when the temperature fluctuates greatly between day and night. Both chlamydospores and sclerotia may serve as primary infection sources. Rainfall at the rice booting stage is a major environme...

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Integrated Approach to Control False Smut in Hybrid Rice in Sichuan Province, China

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Rice False Smut Disease at Different Flowering Times

Rice False Smut Disease at Different Flowering Times

Management of False Smut Disease of Rice: A Review

Current understanding on Villosiclava virens, a unique flower‐infecting fungus causing rice false smut disease

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