Management of False Smut Disease of Rice: A Review

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop of the developing world. Among the biotic stresses of false smut is an emerging disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. The disease reduces both the quality and quantity of rice. The pathogen produces mycotoxins that are harmful to animals and humans. The disease is severe when favorable environmental conditions like high humidity (more than 80%) and temperature ranging from 25 to 30°C, late sowing and high soil fertility as well as using high amount of nitrogen. It has gained the status of a major disease of rice and causing varying yield loss depending on the weather conditions during the crop-growing period and the genotypes. Therefore, the primary concern of the farmers is the disease management methods, which are effective, simple and practical. Since, there is no single effective management strategy for false smut, we have discussed about the potential management options available depending upon the economic status and adoption capacity of the farmers. In the Plant Pathologists point of view, eco-friendly methods of disease management like cultural, biological and use of resistant variety should be advocated for sustainability of agriculture and human being.

Rice false smut pathogen: implications for mycotoxin contamination, current status, and future perspectives

“…From 2008 to 2016, yield losses in China were recorded as 158.6 million kilograms annually by Lu et al (2018). Depending on weather and rice cultivar., false smut of rice can result in yield losses of 3 to 70% (Baite et al, 2021).…”

“…The yield losses depend on rice cultivars and weather conditions. Almost 3 to 70% yield losses were reported due to false smut of rice (Baite et al, 2021). The ratio of rice cultivars infected with false smut disease is not restricted.…”

Combined interaction between the diazotrophic Niallia circulans strain YRNF1 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in promoting growth of eggplant and mitigating root rot stress caused by Rhizoctonia solani

“…Effective control of R. solani is difficult, due to its wide host range (Cook et al, 2002). The most widely used control method is application of synthetic fungicides, but these can have deleterious effects on human and animal health, may induce fungicide resistance in pathogens (Hollomon, 2015), and lead to environmental pollution (Baite et al, 2021). Biological control of plant diseases has received increasing attention as a possible effective, eco-friendly and safe control strategy against various plant diseases (Al- Askar et al, 2014).…”

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“…There is no single effective management strategy for false smut, it has been discussed the potential management options available depending on the economic status and adoptive capacity of the farmer. In the view of Plant Pathologists, environmentally friendly disease management methods such as culture, biology and the use of resistant varieties should be recommended for the sustainability of agriculture and humans (Baite et al, 2021).…”